denoland-deno/ext/crypto/lib.rs

// Copyright 2018-2021 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.

use deno_core::error::custom_error;
use deno_core::error::not_supported;
use deno_core::error::type_error;
use deno_core::error::AnyError;
use deno_core::include_js_files;
use deno_core::op_async;
use deno_core::op_sync;
use deno_core::Extension;
use deno_core::OpState;
use deno_core::ZeroCopyBuf;
use serde::Deserialize;
use serde::Serialize;

use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::num::NonZeroU32;
use std::rc::Rc;

use block_modes::BlockMode;
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use num_traits::cast::FromPrimitive;
use rand::rngs::OsRng;
use rand::rngs::StdRng;
use rand::thread_rng;
use rand::Rng;
use rand::SeedableRng;
use ring::digest;
use ring::hkdf;
use ring::hmac::Algorithm as HmacAlgorithm;
use ring::hmac::Key as HmacKey;
use ring::pbkdf2;
use ring::rand as RingRand;
use ring::rand::SecureRandom;
use ring::signature::EcdsaKeyPair;
use ring::signature::EcdsaSigningAlgorithm;
use ring::signature::EcdsaVerificationAlgorithm;
use ring::signature::KeyPair;
use rsa::padding::PaddingScheme;
use rsa::pkcs1::der::Decodable;
use rsa::pkcs1::der::Encodable;
use rsa::pkcs1::FromRsaPrivateKey;
use rsa::pkcs1::ToRsaPrivateKey;
use rsa::pkcs8::der::asn1;
use rsa::pkcs8::FromPrivateKey;
use rsa::BigUint;
use rsa::PublicKey;
use rsa::RsaPrivateKey;
use rsa::RsaPublicKey;
use sha1::Sha1;
use sha2::Digest;
use sha2::Sha256;
use sha2::Sha384;
use sha2::Sha512;
use std::path::PathBuf;

pub use rand; // Re-export rand

mod key;

use crate::key::Algorithm;
use crate::key::CryptoHash;
use crate::key::CryptoNamedCurve;
use crate::key::HkdfOutput;

// Allowlist for RSA public exponents.
lazy_static! {
  static ref PUB_EXPONENT_1: BigUint = BigUint::from_u64(3).unwrap();
  static ref PUB_EXPONENT_2: BigUint = BigUint::from_u64(65537).unwrap();
}

const RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1");
const SHA1_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.5");
const SHA256_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.11");
const SHA384_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.12");
const SHA512_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.13");
const RSASSA_PSS_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.10");
const ID_SHA1_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.3.14.3.2.26");
const ID_SHA256_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1");
const ID_SHA384_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2");
const ID_SHA512_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3");
const ID_MFG1: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.8");
const RSAES_OAEP_OID: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.7");
const ID_P_SPECIFIED: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier =
  rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.9");

pub fn init(maybe_seed: Option<u64>) -> Extension {
  Extension::builder()
    .js(include_js_files!(
      prefix "deno:ext/crypto",
      "00_crypto.js",
      "01_webidl.js",
    ))
    .ops(vec![
      (
        "op_crypto_get_random_values",
        op_sync(op_crypto_get_random_values),
      ),
      ("op_crypto_generate_key", op_async(op_crypto_generate_key)),
      ("op_crypto_sign_key", op_async(op_crypto_sign_key)),
      ("op_crypto_verify_key", op_async(op_crypto_verify_key)),
      ("op_crypto_derive_bits", op_async(op_crypto_derive_bits)),
      ("op_crypto_import_key", op_async(op_crypto_import_key)),
      ("op_crypto_export_key", op_async(op_crypto_export_key)),
      ("op_crypto_encrypt_key", op_async(op_crypto_encrypt_key)),
      ("op_crypto_decrypt_key", op_async(op_crypto_decrypt_key)),
      ("op_crypto_subtle_digest", op_async(op_crypto_subtle_digest)),
      ("op_crypto_random_uuid", op_sync(op_crypto_random_uuid)),
    ])
    .state(move |state| {
      if let Some(seed) = maybe_seed {
        state.put(StdRng::seed_from_u64(seed));
      }
      Ok(())
    })
    .build()
}

pub fn op_crypto_get_random_values(
  state: &mut OpState,
  mut zero_copy: ZeroCopyBuf,
  _: (),
) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
  if zero_copy.len() > 65536 {
    return Err(
      deno_web::DomExceptionQuotaExceededError::new(&format!("The ArrayBufferView's byte length ({}) exceeds the number of bytes of entropy available via this API (65536)", zero_copy.len()))
        .into(),
    );
  }

  let maybe_seeded_rng = state.try_borrow_mut::<StdRng>();
  if let Some(seeded_rng) = maybe_seeded_rng {
    seeded_rng.fill(&mut *zero_copy);
  } else {
    let mut rng = thread_rng();
    rng.fill(&mut *zero_copy);
  }

  Ok(())
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct AlgorithmArg {
  name: Algorithm,
  modulus_length: Option<u32>,
  public_exponent: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
  named_curve: Option<CryptoNamedCurve>,
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  length: Option<usize>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_generate_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: AlgorithmArg,
  _: (),
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let algorithm = args.name;

  let key = match algorithm {
    Algorithm::RsassaPkcs1v15 | Algorithm::RsaPss | Algorithm::RsaOaep => {
      let public_exponent = args.public_exponent.ok_or_else(not_supported)?;
      let modulus_length = args.modulus_length.ok_or_else(not_supported)?;

      let exponent = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&public_exponent);
      if exponent != *PUB_EXPONENT_1 && exponent != *PUB_EXPONENT_2 {
        return Err(custom_error(
          "DOMExceptionOperationError",
          "Bad public exponent",
        ));
      }

      let mut rng = OsRng;

      let private_key: RsaPrivateKey = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(
        move || -> Result<RsaPrivateKey, rsa::errors::Error> {
          RsaPrivateKey::new_with_exp(
            &mut rng,
            modulus_length as usize,
            &exponent,
          )
        },
      )
      .await
      .unwrap()
      .map_err(|e| custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string()))?;

      private_key.to_pkcs1_der()?.as_ref().to_vec()
    }
    Algorithm::Ecdsa | Algorithm::Ecdh => {
      let curve: &EcdsaSigningAlgorithm =
        args.named_curve.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.into();
      let rng = RingRand::SystemRandom::new();
      let private_key: Vec<u8> = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(
        move || -> Result<Vec<u8>, ring::error::Unspecified> {
          let pkcs8 = EcdsaKeyPair::generate_pkcs8(curve, &rng)?;
          Ok(pkcs8.as_ref().to_vec())
        },
      )
      .await
      .unwrap()
      .map_err(|_| {
        custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", "Key generation failed")
      })?;

      private_key
    }
    Algorithm::AesCtr
    | Algorithm::AesCbc
    | Algorithm::AesGcm
    | Algorithm::AesKw => {
      let length = args.length.ok_or_else(not_supported)?;
      // Caller must guarantee divisibility by 8
      let mut key_data = vec![0u8; length / 8];
      let rng = RingRand::SystemRandom::new();
      rng.fill(&mut key_data).map_err(|_| {
        custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", "Key generation failed")
      })?;
      key_data
    }
    Algorithm::Hmac => {
      let hash: HmacAlgorithm = args.hash.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.into();

      let length = if let Some(length) = args.length {
        if (length % 8) != 0 {
          return Err(custom_error(
            "DOMExceptionOperationError",
            "hmac block length must be byte aligned",
          ));
        }
        let length = length / 8;
        if length > ring::digest::MAX_BLOCK_LEN {
          return Err(custom_error(
            "DOMExceptionOperationError",
            "hmac block length is too large",
          ));
        }
        length
      } else {
        hash.digest_algorithm().block_len
      };

      let rng = RingRand::SystemRandom::new();
      let mut key_bytes = [0; ring::digest::MAX_BLOCK_LEN];
      let key_bytes = &mut key_bytes[..length];
      rng.fill(key_bytes).map_err(|_| {
        custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", "Key generation failed")
      })?;

      key_bytes.to_vec()
    }
    _ => return Err(not_supported()),
  };

  Ok(key.into())
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
pub enum KeyFormat {
  Raw,
  Pkcs8,
  Spki,
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
pub struct KeyData {
  // TODO(littledivy): Kept here to be used to importKey() in future.
  #[allow(dead_code)]
  r#type: KeyFormat,
  data: ZeroCopyBuf,
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct SignArg {
  key: KeyData,
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  salt_length: Option<u32>,
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  named_curve: Option<CryptoNamedCurve>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_sign_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: SignArg,
  zero_copy: ZeroCopyBuf,
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let data = &*zero_copy;
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;

  let signature = match algorithm {
    Algorithm::RsassaPkcs1v15 => {
      let private_key = RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs1_der(&*args.key.data)?;
      let (padding, hashed) = match args
        .hash
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?
      {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha1::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA1),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA2_256),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha384::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA2_384),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha512::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA2_512),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
      };

      private_key.sign(padding, &hashed)?
    }
    Algorithm::RsaPss => {
      let private_key = RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs1_der(&*args.key.data)?;

      let salt_len = args
        .salt_length
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument saltLength".to_string()))?
        as usize;

      let rng = OsRng;
      let (padding, digest_in) = match args
        .hash
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?
      {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha1::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha1, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha256, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha384::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha384, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha512::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha512, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
      };

      // Sign data based on computed padding and return buffer
      private_key.sign(padding, &digest_in)?
    }
    Algorithm::Ecdsa => {
      let curve: &EcdsaSigningAlgorithm =
        args.named_curve.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.try_into()?;

      let key_pair = EcdsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(curve, &*args.key.data)?;
      // We only support P256-SHA256 & P384-SHA384. These are recommended signature pairs.
      // https://briansmith.org/rustdoc/ring/signature/index.html#statics
      if let Some(hash) = args.hash {
        match hash {
          CryptoHash::Sha256 | CryptoHash::Sha384 => (),
          _ => return Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm")),
        }
      };

      let rng = RingRand::SystemRandom::new();
      let signature = key_pair.sign(&rng, data)?;

      // Signature data as buffer.
      signature.as_ref().to_vec()
    }
    Algorithm::Hmac => {
      let hash: HmacAlgorithm = args.hash.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.into();

      let key = HmacKey::new(hash, &*args.key.data);

      let signature = ring::hmac::sign(&key, data);
      signature.as_ref().to_vec()
    }
    _ => return Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  };

  Ok(signature.into())
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct VerifyArg {
  key: KeyData,
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  salt_length: Option<u32>,
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  signature: ZeroCopyBuf,
  named_curve: Option<CryptoNamedCurve>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_verify_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: VerifyArg,
  zero_copy: ZeroCopyBuf,
) -> Result<bool, AnyError> {
  let data = &*zero_copy;
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;

  let verification = match algorithm {
    Algorithm::RsassaPkcs1v15 => {
      let public_key: RsaPublicKey =
        RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs1_der(&*args.key.data)?.to_public_key();
      let (padding, hashed) = match args
        .hash
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?
      {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha1::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA1),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA2_256),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha384::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA2_384),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha512::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::PKCS1v15Sign {
              hash: Some(rsa::hash::Hash::SHA2_512),
            },
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
      };

      public_key
        .verify(padding, &hashed, &*args.signature)
        .is_ok()
    }
    Algorithm::RsaPss => {
      let salt_len = args
        .salt_length
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument saltLength".to_string()))?
        as usize;
      let public_key: RsaPublicKey =
        RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs1_der(&*args.key.data)?.to_public_key();

      let rng = OsRng;
      let (padding, hashed) = match args
        .hash
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?
      {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha1::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha1, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha256, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha384::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha384, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => {
          let mut hasher = Sha512::new();
          hasher.update(&data);
          (
            PaddingScheme::new_pss_with_salt::<Sha512, _>(rng, salt_len),
            hasher.finalize()[..].to_vec(),
          )
        }
      };

      public_key
        .verify(padding, &hashed, &*args.signature)
        .is_ok()
    }
    Algorithm::Hmac => {
      let hash: HmacAlgorithm = args.hash.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.into();
      let key = HmacKey::new(hash, &*args.key.data);
      ring::hmac::verify(&key, data, &*args.signature).is_ok()
    }
    Algorithm::Ecdsa => {
      let signing_alg: &EcdsaSigningAlgorithm =
        args.named_curve.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.try_into()?;
      let verify_alg: &EcdsaVerificationAlgorithm =
        args.named_curve.ok_or_else(not_supported)?.try_into()?;

      let private_key = EcdsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(signing_alg, &*args.key.data)?;
      let public_key_bytes = private_key.public_key().as_ref();
      let public_key =
        ring::signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(verify_alg, public_key_bytes);

      public_key.verify(data, &*args.signature).is_ok()
    }
    _ => return Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  };

  Ok(verification)
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct ExportKeyArg {
  key: KeyData,
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  format: KeyFormat,
  // RSA-PSS
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_export_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: ExportKeyArg,
  _: (),
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;
  match algorithm {
    Algorithm::RsassaPkcs1v15 => {
      match args.format {
        KeyFormat::Pkcs8 => {
          // private_key is a PKCS#1 DER-encoded private key

          let private_key = &args.key.data;

          // the PKCS#8 v1 structure
          // PrivateKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
          //   version                   Version,
          //   privateKeyAlgorithm       PrivateKeyAlgorithmIdentifier,
          //   privateKey                PrivateKey,
          //   attributes           [0]  IMPLICIT Attributes OPTIONAL }

          // version is 0 when publickey is None

          let pk_info = rsa::pkcs8::PrivateKeyInfo {
            attributes: None,
            public_key: None,
            algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier {
              // rsaEncryption(1)
              oid: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"),
              // parameters field should not be ommited (None).
              // It MUST have ASN.1 type NULL as per defined in RFC 3279 Section 2.3.1
              parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
            },
            private_key,
          };

          Ok(pk_info.to_der().as_ref().to_vec().into())
        }
        KeyFormat::Spki => {
          // public_key is a PKCS#1 DER-encoded public key

          let subject_public_key = &args.key.data;

          // the SPKI structure
          let key_info = spki::SubjectPublicKeyInfo {
            algorithm: spki::AlgorithmIdentifier {
              // rsaEncryption(1)
              oid: spki::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"),
              // parameters field should not be ommited (None).
              // It MUST have ASN.1 type NULL.
              parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
            },
            subject_public_key,
          };

          // Infallible based on spec because of the way we import and generate keys.
          let spki_der = key_info.to_vec().unwrap();
          Ok(spki_der.into())
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): jwk
        _ => unreachable!(),
      }
    }
    Algorithm::RsaPss => {
      match args.format {
        KeyFormat::Pkcs8 => {
          // Intentionally unused but required. Not encoded into PKCS#8 (see below).
          let _hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // private_key is a PKCS#1 DER-encoded private key
          let private_key = &args.key.data;

          // version is 0 when publickey is None

          let pk_info = rsa::pkcs8::PrivateKeyInfo {
            attributes: None,
            public_key: None,
            algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier {
              // Spec wants the OID to be id-RSASSA-PSS (1.2.840.113549.1.1.10) but ring and RSA do not support it.
              // Instead, we use rsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) as specified in RFC 3447.
              // Node, Chromium and Firefox also use rsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) and do not support id-RSASSA-PSS.

              // parameters are set to NULL opposed to what spec wants (see above)
              oid: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"),
              // parameters field should not be ommited (None).
              // It MUST have ASN.1 type NULL as per defined in RFC 3279 Section 2.3.1
              parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
            },
            private_key,
          };

          Ok(pk_info.to_der().as_ref().to_vec().into())
        }
        KeyFormat::Spki => {
          // Intentionally unused but required. Not encoded into SPKI (see below).
          let _hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // public_key is a PKCS#1 DER-encoded public key
          let subject_public_key = &args.key.data;

          // the SPKI structure
          let key_info = spki::SubjectPublicKeyInfo {
            algorithm: spki::AlgorithmIdentifier {
              // rsaEncryption(1)
              oid: spki::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"),
              // parameters field should not be ommited (None).
              // It MUST have ASN.1 type NULL.
              parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
            },
            subject_public_key,
          };

          // Infallible based on spec because of the way we import and generate keys.
          let spki_der = key_info.to_vec().unwrap();
          Ok(spki_der.into())
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): jwk
        _ => unreachable!(),
      }
    }
    Algorithm::RsaOaep => {
      match args.format {
        KeyFormat::Pkcs8 => {
          // Intentionally unused but required. Not encoded into PKCS#8 (see below).
          let _hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // private_key is a PKCS#1 DER-encoded private key
          let private_key = &args.key.data;

          // version is 0 when publickey is None

          let pk_info = rsa::pkcs8::PrivateKeyInfo {
            attributes: None,
            public_key: None,
            algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier {
              // Spec wants the OID to be id-RSAES-OAEP (1.2.840.113549.1.1.10) but ring and RSA crate do not support it.
              // Instead, we use rsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) as specified in RFC 3447.
              // Chromium and Firefox also use rsaEncryption (1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) and do not support id-RSAES-OAEP.

              // parameters are set to NULL opposed to what spec wants (see above)
              oid: rsa::pkcs8::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"),
              // parameters field should not be ommited (None).
              // It MUST have ASN.1 type NULL as per defined in RFC 3279 Section 2.3.1
              parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
            },
            private_key,
          };

          Ok(pk_info.to_der().as_ref().to_vec().into())
        }
        KeyFormat::Spki => {
          // Intentionally unused but required. Not encoded into SPKI (see below).
          let _hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // public_key is a PKCS#1 DER-encoded public key
          let subject_public_key = &args.key.data;

          // the SPKI structure
          let key_info = spki::SubjectPublicKeyInfo {
            algorithm: spki::AlgorithmIdentifier {
              // rsaEncryption(1)
              oid: spki::ObjectIdentifier::new("1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"),
              // parameters field should not be ommited (None).
              // It MUST have ASN.1 type NULL.
              parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
            },
            subject_public_key,
          };

          // Infallible based on spec because of the way we import and generate keys.
          let spki_der = key_info.to_vec().unwrap();
          Ok(spki_der.into())
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): jwk
        _ => unreachable!(),
      }
    }
    _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  }
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct DeriveKeyArg {
  key: KeyData,
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  length: usize,
  iterations: Option<u32>,
  // ECDH
  public_key: Option<KeyData>,
  named_curve: Option<CryptoNamedCurve>,
  // HKDF
  info: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_derive_bits(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: DeriveKeyArg,
  zero_copy: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;
  match algorithm {
    Algorithm::Pbkdf2 => {
      let zero_copy = zero_copy.ok_or_else(not_supported)?;
      let salt = &*zero_copy;
      // The caller must validate these cases.
      assert!(args.length > 0);
      assert!(args.length % 8 == 0);

      let algorithm = match args.hash.ok_or_else(not_supported)? {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => pbkdf2::PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA1,
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => pbkdf2::PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA256,
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => pbkdf2::PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA384,
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => pbkdf2::PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA512,
      };

      // This will never panic. We have already checked length earlier.
      let iterations =
        NonZeroU32::new(args.iterations.ok_or_else(not_supported)?).unwrap();
      let secret = args.key.data;
      let mut out = vec![0; args.length / 8];
      pbkdf2::derive(algorithm, iterations, salt, &secret, &mut out);
      Ok(out.into())
    }
    Algorithm::Ecdh => {
      let named_curve = args
        .named_curve
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument namedCurve".to_string()))?;

      let public_key = args
        .public_key
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument publicKey".to_string()))?;

      match named_curve {
        CryptoNamedCurve::P256 => {
          let secret_key = p256::SecretKey::from_pkcs8_der(&args.key.data)?;
          let public_key =
            p256::SecretKey::from_pkcs8_der(&public_key.data)?.public_key();

          let shared_secret = p256::elliptic_curve::ecdh::diffie_hellman(
            secret_key.to_secret_scalar(),
            public_key.as_affine(),
          );

          Ok(shared_secret.as_bytes().to_vec().into())
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): support for P384
        // https://github.com/RustCrypto/elliptic-curves/issues/240
        _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported namedCurve".to_string())),
      }
    }
    Algorithm::Hkdf => {
      let zero_copy = zero_copy.ok_or_else(not_supported)?;
      let salt = &*zero_copy;
      let algorithm = match args.hash.ok_or_else(not_supported)? {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => hkdf::HKDF_SHA1_FOR_LEGACY_USE_ONLY,
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => hkdf::HKDF_SHA256,
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => hkdf::HKDF_SHA384,
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => hkdf::HKDF_SHA512,
      };

      let info = args
        .info
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument info".to_string()))?;
      // IKM
      let secret = args.key.data;
      // L
      let length = args.length / 8;

      let salt = hkdf::Salt::new(algorithm, salt);
      let prk = salt.extract(&secret);
      let info = &[&*info];
      let okm = prk.expand(info, HkdfOutput(length)).map_err(|_e| {
        custom_error(
          "DOMExceptionOperationError",
          "The length provided for HKDF is too large",
        )
      })?;
      let mut r = vec![0u8; length];
      okm.fill(&mut r)?;
      Ok(r.into())
    }
    _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  }
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct EncryptArg {
  key: KeyData,
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  // RSA-OAEP
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  label: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
  // AES-CBC
  iv: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
  length: Option<usize>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_encrypt_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: EncryptArg,
  zero_copy: ZeroCopyBuf,
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let data = &*zero_copy;
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;

  match algorithm {
    Algorithm::RsaOaep => {
      let public_key: RsaPublicKey =
        RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs1_der(&*args.key.data)?.to_public_key();
      let label = args.label.map(|l| String::from_utf8_lossy(&*l).to_string());
      let mut rng = OsRng;
      let padding = match args
        .hash
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?
      {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha1::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha1::new()),
          label,
        },
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha256::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha256::new()),
          label,
        },
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha384::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha384::new()),
          label,
        },
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha512::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha512::new()),
          label,
        },
      };

      Ok(
        public_key
          .encrypt(&mut rng, padding, data)
          .map_err(|e| {
            custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string())
          })?
          .into(),
      )
    }
    Algorithm::AesCbc => {
      let key = &*args.key.data;
      let length = args
        .length
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument length".to_string()))?;
      let iv = args
        .iv
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument iv".to_string()))?;

      // 2-3.
      let ciphertext = match length {
        128 => {
          // Section 10.3 Step 2 of RFC 2315 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2315
          type Aes128Cbc =
            block_modes::Cbc<aes::Aes128, block_modes::block_padding::Pkcs7>;

          let cipher = Aes128Cbc::new_from_slices(key, &iv)?;
          cipher.encrypt_vec(data)
        }
        192 => {
          // Section 10.3 Step 2 of RFC 2315 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2315
          type Aes192Cbc =
            block_modes::Cbc<aes::Aes192, block_modes::block_padding::Pkcs7>;

          let cipher = Aes192Cbc::new_from_slices(key, &iv)?;
          cipher.encrypt_vec(data)
        }
        256 => {
          // Section 10.3 Step 2 of RFC 2315 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2315
          type Aes256Cbc =
            block_modes::Cbc<aes::Aes256, block_modes::block_padding::Pkcs7>;

          let cipher = Aes256Cbc::new_from_slices(key, &iv)?;
          cipher.encrypt_vec(data)
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
      };

      Ok(ciphertext.into())
    }
    _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  }
}

// The parameters field associated with OID id-RSASSA-PSS
// Defined in RFC 3447, section A.2.3
//
// RSASSA-PSS-params ::= SEQUENCE {
//   hashAlgorithm      [0] HashAlgorithm    DEFAULT sha1,
//   maskGenAlgorithm   [1] MaskGenAlgorithm DEFAULT mgf1SHA1,
//   saltLength         [2] INTEGER          DEFAULT 20,
//   trailerField       [3] TrailerField     DEFAULT trailerFieldBC
// }
pub struct PssPrivateKeyParameters<'a> {
  pub hash_algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'a>,
  pub mask_gen_algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'a>,
  pub salt_length: u32,
}

// Context-specific tag number for hashAlgorithm.
const HASH_ALGORITHM_TAG: rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber =
  rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber::new(0);

// Context-specific tag number for maskGenAlgorithm.
const MASK_GEN_ALGORITHM_TAG: rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber =
  rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber::new(1);

// Context-specific tag number for saltLength.
const SALT_LENGTH_TAG: rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber =
  rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber::new(2);

// Context-specific tag number for pSourceAlgorithm
const P_SOURCE_ALGORITHM_TAG: rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber =
  rsa::pkcs8::der::TagNumber::new(2);

lazy_static! {
  // Default HashAlgorithm for RSASSA-PSS-params (sha1)
  //
  // sha1 HashAlgorithm ::= {
  //   algorithm   id-sha1,
  //   parameters  SHA1Parameters : NULL
  // }
  //
  // SHA1Parameters ::= NULL
  static ref SHA1_HASH_ALGORITHM: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'static> = rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier {
    // id-sha1
    oid: ID_SHA1_OID,
    // NULL
    parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::Null)),
  };

  // TODO(@littledivy): `pkcs8` should provide AlgorithmIdentifier to Any conversion.
  static ref ENCODED_SHA1_HASH_ALGORITHM: Vec<u8> = SHA1_HASH_ALGORITHM.to_vec().unwrap();
  // Default MaskGenAlgrithm for RSASSA-PSS-params (mgf1SHA1)
  //
  // mgf1SHA1 MaskGenAlgorithm ::= {
  //   algorithm   id-mgf1,
  //   parameters  HashAlgorithm : sha1
  // }
  static ref MGF1_SHA1_MASK_ALGORITHM: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'static> = rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier {
    // id-mgf1
    oid: ID_MFG1,
    // sha1
    parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from_der(&ENCODED_SHA1_HASH_ALGORITHM).unwrap()),
  };

  // Default PSourceAlgorithm for RSAES-OAEP-params
  // The default label is an empty string.
  //
  // pSpecifiedEmpty    PSourceAlgorithm ::= {
  //   algorithm   id-pSpecified,
  //   parameters  EncodingParameters : emptyString
  // }
  //
  // emptyString    EncodingParameters ::= ''H
  static ref P_SPECIFIED_EMPTY: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'static> = rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier {
    // id-pSpecified
    oid: ID_P_SPECIFIED,
    // EncodingParameters
    parameters: Some(asn1::Any::from(asn1::OctetString::new(b"").unwrap())),
  };
}

impl<'a> TryFrom<rsa::pkcs8::der::asn1::Any<'a>>
  for PssPrivateKeyParameters<'a>
{
  type Error = rsa::pkcs8::der::Error;

  fn try_from(
    any: rsa::pkcs8::der::asn1::Any<'a>,
  ) -> rsa::pkcs8::der::Result<PssPrivateKeyParameters> {
    any.sequence(|decoder| {
      let hash_algorithm = decoder
        .context_specific(HASH_ALGORITHM_TAG)?
        .map(TryInto::try_into)
        .transpose()?
        .unwrap_or(*SHA1_HASH_ALGORITHM);

      let mask_gen_algorithm = decoder
        .context_specific(MASK_GEN_ALGORITHM_TAG)?
        .map(TryInto::try_into)
        .transpose()?
        .unwrap_or(*MGF1_SHA1_MASK_ALGORITHM);

      let salt_length = decoder
        .context_specific(SALT_LENGTH_TAG)?
        .map(TryInto::try_into)
        .transpose()?
        .unwrap_or(20);

      Ok(Self {
        hash_algorithm,
        mask_gen_algorithm,
        salt_length,
      })
    })
  }
}

// The parameters field associated with OID id-RSAES-OAEP
// Defined in RFC 3447, section A.2.1
//
// RSAES-OAEP-params ::= SEQUENCE {
//   hashAlgorithm     [0] HashAlgorithm    DEFAULT sha1,
//   maskGenAlgorithm  [1] MaskGenAlgorithm DEFAULT mgf1SHA1,
//   pSourceAlgorithm  [2] PSourceAlgorithm DEFAULT pSpecifiedEmpty
// }
pub struct OaepPrivateKeyParameters<'a> {
  pub hash_algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'a>,
  pub mask_gen_algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'a>,
  pub p_source_algorithm: rsa::pkcs8::AlgorithmIdentifier<'a>,
}

impl<'a> TryFrom<rsa::pkcs8::der::asn1::Any<'a>>
  for OaepPrivateKeyParameters<'a>
{
  type Error = rsa::pkcs8::der::Error;

  fn try_from(
    any: rsa::pkcs8::der::asn1::Any<'a>,
  ) -> rsa::pkcs8::der::Result<OaepPrivateKeyParameters> {
    any.sequence(|decoder| {
      let hash_algorithm = decoder
        .context_specific(HASH_ALGORITHM_TAG)?
        .map(TryInto::try_into)
        .transpose()?
        .unwrap_or(*SHA1_HASH_ALGORITHM);

      let mask_gen_algorithm = decoder
        .context_specific(MASK_GEN_ALGORITHM_TAG)?
        .map(TryInto::try_into)
        .transpose()?
        .unwrap_or(*MGF1_SHA1_MASK_ALGORITHM);

      let p_source_algorithm = decoder
        .context_specific(P_SOURCE_ALGORITHM_TAG)?
        .map(TryInto::try_into)
        .transpose()?
        .unwrap_or(*P_SPECIFIED_EMPTY);

      Ok(Self {
        hash_algorithm,
        mask_gen_algorithm,
        p_source_algorithm,
      })
    })
  }
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct ImportKeyArg {
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  format: KeyFormat,
  // RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  // ECDSA
  named_curve: Option<CryptoNamedCurve>,
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct ImportKeyResult {
  data: ZeroCopyBuf,
  // RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5
  public_exponent: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
  modulus_length: Option<usize>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_import_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: ImportKeyArg,
  zero_copy: ZeroCopyBuf,
) -> Result<ImportKeyResult, AnyError> {
  let data = &*zero_copy;
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;

  match algorithm {
    Algorithm::Ecdsa => {
      let curve = args.named_curve.ok_or_else(|| {
        type_error("Missing argument named_curve".to_string())
      })?;

      match curve {
        CryptoNamedCurve::P256 => {
          // 1-2.
          let point = p256::EncodedPoint::from_bytes(data)?;
          // 3.
          if point.is_identity() {
            return Err(type_error("Invalid key data".to_string()));
          }
        }
        CryptoNamedCurve::P384 => {
          // 1-2.
          let point = p384::EncodedPoint::from_bytes(data)?;
          // 3.
          if point.is_identity() {
            return Err(type_error("Invalid key data".to_string()));
          }
        }
      };

      Ok(ImportKeyResult {
        data: zero_copy,
        modulus_length: None,
        public_exponent: None,
      })
    }
    Algorithm::RsassaPkcs1v15 => {
      match args.format {
        KeyFormat::Pkcs8 => {
          let hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // 2-3.
          let pk_info =
            rsa::pkcs8::PrivateKeyInfo::from_der(data).map_err(|e| {
              custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string())
            })?;

          // 4-5.
          let alg = pk_info.algorithm.oid;

          // 6.
          let pk_hash = match alg {
            // rsaEncryption
            RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => None,
            // sha1WithRSAEncryption
            SHA1_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha1),
            // sha256WithRSAEncryption
            SHA256_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha256),
            // sha384WithRSAEncryption
            SHA384_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha384),
            // sha512WithRSAEncryption
            SHA512_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha512),
            _ => return Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
          };

          // 7.
          if let Some(pk_hash) = pk_hash {
            if pk_hash != hash {
              return Err(custom_error(
                "DOMExceptionDataError",
                "Hash mismatch".to_string(),
              ));
            }
          }

          // 8-9.
          let private_key =
            rsa::pkcs1::RsaPrivateKey::from_der(pk_info.private_key).map_err(
              |e| custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string()),
            )?;

          let bytes_consumed = private_key.encoded_len().map_err(|e| {
            custom_error("DOMExceptionDataError", e.to_string())
          })?;

          if bytes_consumed
            != rsa::pkcs1::der::Length::new(pk_info.private_key.len() as u16)
          {
            return Err(custom_error(
              "DOMExceptionDataError",
              "Some bytes were not consumed".to_string(),
            ));
          }

          Ok(ImportKeyResult {
            data: pk_info.private_key.to_vec().into(),
            public_exponent: Some(
              private_key.public_exponent.as_bytes().to_vec().into(),
            ),
            modulus_length: Some(private_key.modulus.as_bytes().len() * 8),
          })
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): spki
        // TODO(@littledivy): jwk
        _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported format".to_string())),
      }
    }
    Algorithm::RsaPss => {
      match args.format {
        KeyFormat::Pkcs8 => {
          let hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // 2-3.
          let pk_info =
            rsa::pkcs8::PrivateKeyInfo::from_der(data).map_err(|e| {
              custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string())
            })?;

          // 4-5.
          let alg = pk_info.algorithm.oid;

          // 6.
          let pk_hash = match alg {
            // rsaEncryption
            RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => None,
            // id-RSASSA-PSS
            RSASSA_PSS_OID => {
              let params = PssPrivateKeyParameters::try_from(
                pk_info.algorithm.parameters.ok_or_else(|| {
                  custom_error(
                    "DOMExceptionNotSupportedError",
                    "Malformed parameters".to_string(),
                  )
                })?,
              )
              .map_err(|_| {
                custom_error(
                  "DOMExceptionNotSupportedError",
                  "Malformed parameters".to_string(),
                )
              })?;

              let hash_alg = params.hash_algorithm;
              let hash = match hash_alg.oid {
                // id-sha1
                ID_SHA1_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha1),
                // id-sha256
                ID_SHA256_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha256),
                // id-sha384
                ID_SHA384_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha384),
                // id-sha256
                ID_SHA512_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha512),
                _ => {
                  return Err(custom_error(
                    "DOMExceptionDataError",
                    "Unsupported hash algorithm".to_string(),
                  ))
                }
              };

              if params.mask_gen_algorithm.oid != ID_MFG1 {
                return Err(custom_error(
                  "DOMExceptionNotSupportedError",
                  "Unsupported hash algorithm".to_string(),
                ));
              }

              hash
            }
            _ => {
              return Err(custom_error(
                "DOMExceptionDataError",
                "Unsupported algorithm".to_string(),
              ))
            }
          };

          // 7.
          if let Some(pk_hash) = pk_hash {
            if pk_hash != hash {
              return Err(custom_error(
                "DOMExceptionDataError",
                "Hash mismatch".to_string(),
              ));
            }
          }

          // 8-9.
          let private_key =
            rsa::pkcs1::RsaPrivateKey::from_der(pk_info.private_key).map_err(
              |e| custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string()),
            )?;

          let bytes_consumed = private_key
            .encoded_len()
            .map_err(|e| custom_error("DataError", e.to_string()))?;

          if bytes_consumed
            != rsa::pkcs1::der::Length::new(pk_info.private_key.len() as u16)
          {
            return Err(custom_error(
              "DOMExceptionDataError",
              "Some bytes were not consumed".to_string(),
            ));
          }

          Ok(ImportKeyResult {
            data: pk_info.private_key.to_vec().into(),
            public_exponent: Some(
              private_key.public_exponent.as_bytes().to_vec().into(),
            ),
            modulus_length: Some(private_key.modulus.as_bytes().len() * 8),
          })
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): spki
        // TODO(@littledivy): jwk
        _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported format".to_string())),
      }
    }
    Algorithm::RsaOaep => {
      match args.format {
        KeyFormat::Pkcs8 => {
          let hash = args
            .hash
            .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?;

          // 2-3.
          let pk_info =
            rsa::pkcs8::PrivateKeyInfo::from_der(data).map_err(|e| {
              custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string())
            })?;

          // 4-5.
          let alg = pk_info.algorithm.oid;

          // 6.
          let pk_hash = match alg {
            // rsaEncryption
            RSA_ENCRYPTION_OID => None,
            // id-RSAES-OAEP
            RSAES_OAEP_OID => {
              let params = OaepPrivateKeyParameters::try_from(
                pk_info.algorithm.parameters.ok_or_else(|| {
                  custom_error(
                    "DOMExceptionNotSupportedError",
                    "Malformed parameters".to_string(),
                  )
                })?,
              )
              .map_err(|_| {
                custom_error(
                  "DOMExceptionNotSupportedError",
                  "Malformed parameters".to_string(),
                )
              })?;

              let hash_alg = params.hash_algorithm;
              let hash = match hash_alg.oid {
                // id-sha1
                ID_SHA1_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha1),
                // id-sha256
                ID_SHA256_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha256),
                // id-sha384
                ID_SHA384_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha384),
                // id-sha256
                ID_SHA512_OID => Some(CryptoHash::Sha512),
                _ => {
                  return Err(custom_error(
                    "DOMExceptionDataError",
                    "Unsupported hash algorithm".to_string(),
                  ))
                }
              };

              if params.mask_gen_algorithm.oid != ID_MFG1 {
                return Err(custom_error(
                  "DOMExceptionNotSupportedError",
                  "Unsupported hash algorithm".to_string(),
                ));
              }

              hash
            }
            _ => {
              return Err(custom_error(
                "DOMExceptionDataError",
                "Unsupported algorithm".to_string(),
              ))
            }
          };

          // 7.
          if let Some(pk_hash) = pk_hash {
            if pk_hash != hash {
              return Err(custom_error(
                "DOMExceptionDataError",
                "Hash mismatch".to_string(),
              ));
            }
          }

          // 8-9.
          let private_key =
            rsa::pkcs1::RsaPrivateKey::from_der(pk_info.private_key).map_err(
              |e| custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string()),
            )?;

          let bytes_consumed = private_key.encoded_len().map_err(|e| {
            custom_error("DOMExceptionDataError", e.to_string())
          })?;

          if bytes_consumed
            != rsa::pkcs1::der::Length::new(pk_info.private_key.len() as u16)
          {
            return Err(custom_error(
              "DOMExceptionDataError",
              "Some bytes were not consumed".to_string(),
            ));
          }

          Ok(ImportKeyResult {
            data: pk_info.private_key.to_vec().into(),
            public_exponent: Some(
              private_key.public_exponent.as_bytes().to_vec().into(),
            ),
            modulus_length: Some(private_key.modulus.as_bytes().len() * 8),
          })
        }
        // TODO(@littledivy): spki
        // TODO(@littledivy): jwk
        _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported format".to_string())),
      }
    }
    _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  }
}

#[derive(Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub struct DecryptArg {
  key: KeyData,
  algorithm: Algorithm,
  // RSA-OAEP
  hash: Option<CryptoHash>,
  label: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
  // AES-CBC
  iv: Option<ZeroCopyBuf>,
  length: Option<usize>,
}

pub async fn op_crypto_decrypt_key(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  args: DecryptArg,
  zero_copy: ZeroCopyBuf,
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let data = &*zero_copy;
  let algorithm = args.algorithm;

  match algorithm {
    Algorithm::RsaOaep => {
      let private_key: RsaPrivateKey =
        RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs1_der(&*args.key.data)?;
      let label = args.label.map(|l| String::from_utf8_lossy(&*l).to_string());
      let padding = match args
        .hash
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument hash".to_string()))?
      {
        CryptoHash::Sha1 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha1::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha1::new()),
          label,
        },
        CryptoHash::Sha256 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha256::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha256::new()),
          label,
        },
        CryptoHash::Sha384 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha384::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha384::new()),
          label,
        },
        CryptoHash::Sha512 => PaddingScheme::OAEP {
          digest: Box::new(Sha512::new()),
          mgf_digest: Box::new(Sha512::new()),
          label,
        },
      };

      Ok(
        private_key
          .decrypt(padding, data)
          .map_err(|e| {
            custom_error("DOMExceptionOperationError", e.to_string())
          })?
          .into(),
      )
    }
    Algorithm::AesCbc => {
      let key = &*args.key.data;
      let length = args
        .length
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument length".to_string()))?;
      let iv = args
        .iv
        .ok_or_else(|| type_error("Missing argument iv".to_string()))?;

      // 2.
      let plaintext = match length {
        128 => {
          // Section 10.3 Step 2 of RFC 2315 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2315
          type Aes128Cbc =
            block_modes::Cbc<aes::Aes128, block_modes::block_padding::Pkcs7>;
          let cipher = Aes128Cbc::new_from_slices(key, &iv)?;

          cipher.decrypt_vec(data).map_err(|_| {
            custom_error(
              "DOMExceptionOperationError",
              "Decryption failed".to_string(),
            )
          })?
        }
        192 => {
          // Section 10.3 Step 2 of RFC 2315 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2315
          type Aes192Cbc =
            block_modes::Cbc<aes::Aes192, block_modes::block_padding::Pkcs7>;
          let cipher = Aes192Cbc::new_from_slices(key, &iv)?;

          cipher.decrypt_vec(data).map_err(|_| {
            custom_error(
              "DOMExceptionOperationError",
              "Decryption failed".to_string(),
            )
          })?
        }
        256 => {
          // Section 10.3 Step 2 of RFC 2315 https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2315
          type Aes256Cbc =
            block_modes::Cbc<aes::Aes256, block_modes::block_padding::Pkcs7>;
          let cipher = Aes256Cbc::new_from_slices(key, &iv)?;

          cipher.decrypt_vec(data).map_err(|_| {
            custom_error(
              "DOMExceptionOperationError",
              "Decryption failed".to_string(),
            )
          })?
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
      };

      // 6.
      Ok(plaintext.into())
    }
    _ => Err(type_error("Unsupported algorithm".to_string())),
  }
}

pub fn op_crypto_random_uuid(
  state: &mut OpState,
  _: (),
  _: (),
) -> Result<String, AnyError> {
  let maybe_seeded_rng = state.try_borrow_mut::<StdRng>();
  let uuid = if let Some(seeded_rng) = maybe_seeded_rng {
    let mut bytes = [0u8; 16];
    seeded_rng.fill(&mut bytes);
    uuid::Builder::from_bytes(bytes)
      .set_version(uuid::Version::Random)
      .build()
  } else {
    uuid::Uuid::new_v4()
  };

  Ok(uuid.to_string())
}

pub async fn op_crypto_subtle_digest(
  _state: Rc<RefCell<OpState>>,
  algorithm: CryptoHash,
  data: ZeroCopyBuf,
) -> Result<ZeroCopyBuf, AnyError> {
  let output = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
    digest::digest(algorithm.into(), &data)
      .as_ref()
      .to_vec()
      .into()
  })
  .await?;

  Ok(output)
}

pub fn get_declaration() -> PathBuf {
  PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("lib.deno_crypto.d.ts")
}