diff --git a/cli/module_loader.rs b/cli/module_loader.rs
index b47e2efeed..608ee855b0 100644
--- a/cli/module_loader.rs
+++ b/cli/module_loader.rs
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ impl NpmModuleLoader {
     let file_path = specifier.to_file_path().unwrap();
     let code = self
       .fs
-      .read_to_string(&file_path)
+      .read_text_file_sync(&file_path)
       .map_err(AnyError::from)
       .with_context(|| {
         if file_path.is_dir() {
diff --git a/cli/node.rs b/cli/node.rs
index 2a9a84ef95..158627202c 100644
--- a/cli/node.rs
+++ b/cli/node.rs
@@ -91,9 +91,11 @@ impl CjsCodeAnalyzer for CliCjsCodeAnalyzer {
   ) -> Result<ExtNodeCjsAnalysis, AnyError> {
     let source = match source {
       Some(source) => Cow::Borrowed(source),
-      None => {
-        Cow::Owned(self.fs.read_to_string(&specifier.to_file_path().unwrap())?)
-      }
+      None => Cow::Owned(
+        self
+          .fs
+          .read_text_file_sync(&specifier.to_file_path().unwrap())?,
+      ),
     };
     let analysis = self.inner_cjs_analysis(specifier, &source)?;
     Ok(ExtNodeCjsAnalysis {
diff --git a/cli/npm/cache.rs b/cli/npm/cache.rs
index 32989c6a7d..c657beef35 100644
--- a/cli/npm/cache.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/cache.rs
@@ -344,10 +344,10 @@ impl NpmCache {
       .cache_dir
       .package_folder_for_name_and_version(package, registry_url);
     if self.should_use_global_cache_for_package(package)
-      && self.fs.exists(&package_folder)
+      && self.fs.exists_sync(&package_folder)
       // if this file exists, then the package didn't successfully extract
       // the first time, or another process is currently extracting the zip file
-      && !self.fs.exists(&package_folder.join(NPM_PACKAGE_SYNC_LOCK_FILENAME))
+      && !self.fs.exists_sync(&package_folder.join(NPM_PACKAGE_SYNC_LOCK_FILENAME))
     {
       return Ok(());
     } else if self.cache_setting == CacheSetting::Only {
diff --git a/cli/npm/resolvers/local.rs b/cli/npm/resolvers/local.rs
index 4f8d7b709e..6a0065ba8d 100644
--- a/cli/npm/resolvers/local.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/resolvers/local.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl NpmPackageFsResolver for LocalNpmPackageResolver {
         Cow::Owned(current_folder.join("node_modules"))
       };
       let sub_dir = join_package_name(&node_modules_folder, name);
-      if self.fs.is_dir(&sub_dir) {
+      if self.fs.is_dir_sync(&sub_dir) {
         // if doing types resolution, only resolve the package if it specifies a types property
         if mode.is_types() && !name.starts_with("@types/") {
           let package_json = PackageJson::load_skip_read_permission(
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl NpmPackageFsResolver for LocalNpmPackageResolver {
       if mode.is_types() && !name.starts_with("@types/") {
         let sub_dir =
           join_package_name(&node_modules_folder, &types_package_name(name));
-        if self.fs.is_dir(&sub_dir) {
+        if self.fs.is_dir_sync(&sub_dir) {
           return Ok(sub_dir);
         }
       }
diff --git a/ext/fs/interface.rs b/ext/fs/interface.rs
index 14ff54aaa8..ca027011fe 100644
--- a/ext/fs/interface.rs
+++ b/ext/fs/interface.rs
@@ -233,25 +233,31 @@ pub trait FileSystem: std::fmt::Debug + MaybeSend + MaybeSync {
     Ok(buf)
   }
 
-  fn is_file(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+  fn is_file_sync(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
     self.stat_sync(path).map(|m| m.is_file).unwrap_or(false)
   }
 
-  fn is_dir(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+  fn is_dir_sync(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
     self
       .stat_sync(path)
       .map(|m| m.is_directory)
       .unwrap_or(false)
   }
 
-  fn exists(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
+  fn exists_sync(&self, path: &Path) -> bool {
     self.stat_sync(path).is_ok()
   }
 
-  fn read_to_string(&self, path: &Path) -> FsResult<String> {
+  fn read_text_file_sync(&self, path: &Path) -> FsResult<String> {
     let buf = self.read_file_sync(path)?;
     String::from_utf8(buf).map_err(|err| {
       std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err).into()
     })
   }
+  async fn read_text_file_async(&self, path: PathBuf) -> FsResult<String> {
+    let buf = self.read_file_async(path).await?;
+    String::from_utf8(buf).map_err(|err| {
+      std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, err).into()
+    })
+  }
 }
diff --git a/ext/node/analyze.rs b/ext/node/analyze.rs
index 902fe9f44e..3648756f00 100644
--- a/ext/node/analyze.rs
+++ b/ext/node/analyze.rs
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ impl<TCjsCodeAnalyzer: CjsCodeAnalyzer> NodeCodeTranslator<TCjsCodeAnalyzer> {
     )?;
 
     let package_json_path = module_dir.join("package.json");
-    if self.fs.exists(&package_json_path) {
+    if self.fs.exists_sync(&package_json_path) {
       let package_json = PackageJson::load(
         &*self.fs,
         &*self.npm_resolver,
@@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ impl<TCjsCodeAnalyzer: CjsCodeAnalyzer> NodeCodeTranslator<TCjsCodeAnalyzer> {
       // old school
       if package_subpath != "." {
         let d = module_dir.join(package_subpath);
-        if self.fs.is_dir(&d) {
+        if self.fs.is_dir_sync(&d) {
           // subdir might have a package.json that specifies the entrypoint
           let package_json_path = d.join("package.json");
-          if self.fs.exists(&package_json_path) {
+          if self.fs.exists_sync(&package_json_path) {
             let package_json = PackageJson::load(
               &*self.fs,
               &*self.npm_resolver,
@@ -262,13 +262,13 @@ impl<TCjsCodeAnalyzer: CjsCodeAnalyzer> NodeCodeTranslator<TCjsCodeAnalyzer> {
     referrer: &Path,
   ) -> Result<PathBuf, AnyError> {
     let p = p.clean();
-    if self.fs.exists(&p) {
+    if self.fs.exists_sync(&p) {
       let file_name = p.file_name().unwrap();
       let p_js =
         p.with_file_name(format!("{}.js", file_name.to_str().unwrap()));
-      if self.fs.is_file(&p_js) {
+      if self.fs.is_file_sync(&p_js) {
         return Ok(p_js);
-      } else if self.fs.is_dir(&p) {
+      } else if self.fs.is_dir_sync(&p) {
         return Ok(p.join("index.js"));
       } else {
         return Ok(p);
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ impl<TCjsCodeAnalyzer: CjsCodeAnalyzer> NodeCodeTranslator<TCjsCodeAnalyzer> {
     } else if let Some(file_name) = p.file_name() {
       let p_js =
         p.with_file_name(format!("{}.js", file_name.to_str().unwrap()));
-      if self.fs.is_file(&p_js) {
+      if self.fs.is_file_sync(&p_js) {
         return Ok(p_js);
       }
     }
diff --git a/ext/node/ops/require.rs b/ext/node/ops/require.rs
index f758ec973e..f91970eefe 100644
--- a/ext/node/ops/require.rs
+++ b/ext/node/ops/require.rs
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ where
   let file_path = PathBuf::from(file_path);
   ensure_read_permission::<P>(state, &file_path)?;
   let fs = state.borrow::<FileSystemRc>();
-  Ok(fs.read_to_string(&file_path)?)
+  Ok(fs.read_text_file_sync(&file_path)?)
 }
 
 #[op]
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ where
   } else {
     let original = modules_path.clone();
     let mod_dir = path_resolve(vec![modules_path, name]);
-    if fs.is_dir(Path::new(&mod_dir)) {
+    if fs.is_dir_sync(Path::new(&mod_dir)) {
       mod_dir
     } else {
       original
diff --git a/ext/node/package_json.rs b/ext/node/package_json.rs
index 95ca8b5618..ae5e159a1b 100644
--- a/ext/node/package_json.rs
+++ b/ext/node/package_json.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl PackageJson {
       return Ok(CACHE.with(|cache| cache.borrow()[&path].clone()));
     }
 
-    let source = match fs.read_to_string(&path) {
+    let source = match fs.read_text_file_sync(&path) {
       Ok(source) => source,
       Err(err) if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => {
         return Ok(PackageJson::empty(path));
diff --git a/ext/node/resolution.rs b/ext/node/resolution.rs
index 6e46372865..4c43fcbad4 100644
--- a/ext/node/resolution.rs
+++ b/ext/node/resolution.rs
@@ -534,20 +534,20 @@ impl NodeResolver {
       let mut searched_for_d_cts = false;
       if lowercase_path.ends_with(".mjs") {
         let d_mts_path = with_known_extension(path, "d.mts");
-        if fs.exists(&d_mts_path) {
+        if fs.exists_sync(&d_mts_path) {
           return Some(d_mts_path);
         }
         searched_for_d_mts = true;
       } else if lowercase_path.ends_with(".cjs") {
         let d_cts_path = with_known_extension(path, "d.cts");
-        if fs.exists(&d_cts_path) {
+        if fs.exists_sync(&d_cts_path) {
           return Some(d_cts_path);
         }
         searched_for_d_cts = true;
       }
 
       let dts_path = with_known_extension(path, "d.ts");
-      if fs.exists(&dts_path) {
+      if fs.exists_sync(&dts_path) {
         return Some(dts_path);
       }
 
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
         _ => None, // already searched above
       };
       if let Some(specific_dts_path) = specific_dts_path {
-        if fs.exists(&specific_dts_path) {
+        if fs.exists_sync(&specific_dts_path) {
           return Some(specific_dts_path);
         }
       }
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
     {
       return Some(path);
     }
-    if self.fs.is_dir(&path) {
+    if self.fs.is_dir_sync(&path) {
       let index_path = path.join("index.js");
       if let Some(path) = probe_extensions(
         &*self.fs,
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
     );
     let mut current_dir = current_dir.as_path();
     let package_json_path = current_dir.join("package.json");
-    if self.fs.exists(&package_json_path) {
+    if self.fs.exists_sync(&package_json_path) {
       return Ok(Some(package_json_path));
     }
     let Some(root_pkg_folder) = self
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
     while current_dir.starts_with(&root_pkg_folder) {
       current_dir = current_dir.parent().unwrap();
       let package_json_path = current_dir.join("package.json");
-      if self.fs.exists(&package_json_path) {
+      if self.fs.exists_sync(&package_json_path) {
         return Ok(Some(package_json_path));
       }
     }
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
 
     if let Some(main) = maybe_main {
       let guess = package_json.path.parent().unwrap().join(main).clean();
-      if self.fs.is_file(&guess) {
+      if self.fs.is_file_sync(&guess) {
         return Ok(Some(guess));
       }
 
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
           .unwrap()
           .join(format!("{main}{ending}"))
           .clean();
-        if self.fs.is_file(&guess) {
+        if self.fs.is_file_sync(&guess) {
           // TODO(bartlomieju): emitLegacyIndexDeprecation()
           return Ok(Some(guess));
         }
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ impl NodeResolver {
         .unwrap()
         .join(index_file_name)
         .clean();
-      if self.fs.is_file(&guess) {
+      if self.fs.is_file_sync(&guess) {
         // TODO(bartlomieju): emitLegacyIndexDeprecation()
         return Ok(Some(guess));
       }