diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 599657a24b..a0cf367ac9 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1153,6 +1153,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "libz-sys",
  "md-5",
  "md4",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
  "once_cell",
  "path-clean",
  "pbkdf2",
@@ -2846,6 +2849,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "num-integer",
  "num-traits",
+ "rand",
  "serde",
 ]
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index b364a9cf44..1af05645c6 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ libc = "0.2.126"
 log = "=0.4.17"
 lsp-types = "=0.93.2" # used by tower-lsp and "proposed" feature is unstable in patch releases
 notify = "=5.0.0"
-num-bigint = "0.4"
+num-bigint = { version = "0.4", features = ["rand"] }
 once_cell = "1.17.1"
 os_pipe = "=1.0.1"
 parking_lot = "0.12.0"
diff --git a/cli/tests/node_compat/config.json b/cli/tests/node_compat/config.json
index b6541c4895..90e7edcd4e 100644
--- a/cli/tests/node_compat/config.json
+++ b/cli/tests/node_compat/config.json
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@
       "test-console-sync-write-error.js",
       "test-console-table.js",
       "test-crypto-hmac.js",
+      "test-crypto-prime.js",
       "test-dgram-close-during-bind.js",
       "test-dgram-close-signal.js",
       "test-diagnostics-channel-has-subscribers.js",
diff --git a/cli/tests/node_compat/test/parallel/test-crypto-prime.js b/cli/tests/node_compat/test/parallel/test-crypto-prime.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de1e88fd76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/node_compat/test/parallel/test-crypto-prime.js
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+// deno-fmt-ignore-file
+// deno-lint-ignore-file
+
+// Copyright Joyent and Node contributors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
+
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+if (!common.hasCrypto)
+  common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const {
+  generatePrime,
+  generatePrimeSync,
+  checkPrime,
+  checkPrimeSync,
+} = require('crypto');
+
+const { promisify } = require('util');
+const pgeneratePrime = promisify(generatePrime);
+const pCheckPrime = promisify(checkPrime);
+
+assert(!checkPrimeSync(Buffer.from([0x1])));
+assert(checkPrimeSync(Buffer.from([0x2])));
+assert(checkPrimeSync(Buffer.from([0x3])));
+assert(!checkPrimeSync(Buffer.from([0x4])));
+
+assert(
+  !checkPrimeSync(
+    Buffer.from([0x1]),
+    {
+      fast: true,
+      trialDivision: true,
+      checks: 10
+    }));
+
+// (async function() {
+//   const prime = await pgeneratePrime(36);
+//   assert(await pCheckPrime(prime));
+// })().then(common.mustCall());
+
+// assert.throws(() => {
+//   generatePrimeSync(32, { bigint: '' });
+// }, { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE' });
+
+// assert.throws(() => {
+//   generatePrime(32, { bigint: '' }, common.mustNotCall());
+// }, { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE' });
+
+// {
+//   const prime = generatePrimeSync(3, { bigint: true });
+//   assert.strictEqual(typeof prime, 'bigint');
+//   assert.strictEqual(prime, 7n);
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//   checkPrime(prime, common.mustSucceed(assert));
+// }
+
+// {
+//   generatePrime(3, { bigint: true }, common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//     assert.strictEqual(typeof prime, 'bigint');
+//     assert.strictEqual(prime, 7n);
+//     assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//     checkPrime(prime, common.mustSucceed(assert));
+//   }));
+// }
+
+
+// ['hello', false, {}, []].forEach((i) => {
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(i), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrimeSync(i), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+// });
+
+// ['hello', false, 123].forEach((i) => {
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(80, i, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrimeSync(80, i), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+// });
+
+// ['hello', false, 123].forEach((i) => {
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(80, {}), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+// });
+
+// [-1, 0, 2 ** 31, 2 ** 31 + 1, 2 ** 32 - 1, 2 ** 32].forEach((size) => {
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(size, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//     message: />= 1 && <= 2147483647/
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrimeSync(size), {
+//     code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//     message: />= 1 && <= 2147483647/
+//   });
+// });
+
+// ['test', -1, {}, []].forEach((i) => {
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(8, { safe: i }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(8, { rem: i }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(8, { add: i }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrimeSync(8, { safe: i }), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrimeSync(8, { rem: i }), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrimeSync(8, { add: i }), {
+//     code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+//   });
+// });
+
+// {
+//   // Negative BigInts should not be converted to 0 silently.
+
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(20, { add: -1n }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//     message: 'The value of "options.add" is out of range. It must be >= 0. ' +
+//              'Received -1n'
+//   });
+
+//   assert.throws(() => generatePrime(20, { rem: -1n }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//     message: 'The value of "options.rem" is out of range. It must be >= 0. ' +
+//              'Received -1n'
+//   });
+
+//   assert.throws(() => checkPrime(-1n, common.mustNotCall()), {
+//     code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//     message: 'The value of "candidate" is out of range. It must be >= 0. ' +
+//              'Received -1n'
+//   });
+// }
+
+// generatePrime(80, common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//   checkPrime(prime, common.mustSucceed((result) => {
+//     assert(result);
+//   }));
+// }));
+
+// assert(checkPrimeSync(generatePrimeSync(80)));
+
+// generatePrime(80, {}, common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+// }));
+
+// assert(checkPrimeSync(generatePrimeSync(80, {})));
+
+// generatePrime(32, { safe: true }, common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//   const buf = Buffer.from(prime);
+//   const val = buf.readUInt32BE();
+//   const check = (val - 1) / 2;
+//   buf.writeUInt32BE(check);
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(buf));
+// }));
+
+// {
+//   const prime = generatePrimeSync(32, { safe: true });
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//   const buf = Buffer.from(prime);
+//   const val = buf.readUInt32BE();
+//   const check = (val - 1) / 2;
+//   buf.writeUInt32BE(check);
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(buf));
+// }
+
+// const add = 12;
+// const rem = 11;
+// const add_buf = Buffer.from([add]);
+// const rem_buf = Buffer.from([rem]);
+// generatePrime(
+//   32,
+//   { add: add_buf, rem: rem_buf },
+//   common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//     assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//     const buf = Buffer.from(prime);
+//     const val = buf.readUInt32BE();
+//     assert.strictEqual(val % add, rem);
+//   }));
+
+// {
+//   const prime = generatePrimeSync(32, { add: add_buf, rem: rem_buf });
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//   const buf = Buffer.from(prime);
+//   const val = buf.readUInt32BE();
+//   assert.strictEqual(val % add, rem);
+// }
+
+// {
+//   const prime = generatePrimeSync(32, { add: BigInt(add), rem: BigInt(rem) });
+//   assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//   const buf = Buffer.from(prime);
+//   const val = buf.readUInt32BE();
+//   assert.strictEqual(val % add, rem);
+// }
+
+// {
+//   // The behavior when specifying only add without rem should depend on the
+//   // safe option.
+
+//   if (process.versions.openssl >= '1.1.1f') {
+//     generatePrime(128, {
+//       bigint: true,
+//       add: 5n
+//     }, common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//       assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//       assert.strictEqual(prime % 5n, 1n);
+//     }));
+
+//     generatePrime(128, {
+//       bigint: true,
+//       safe: true,
+//       add: 5n
+//     }, common.mustSucceed((prime) => {
+//       assert(checkPrimeSync(prime));
+//       assert.strictEqual(prime % 5n, 3n);
+//     }));
+//   }
+// }
+
+// {
+//   // This is impossible because it implies (prime % 2**64) == 1 and
+//   // prime < 2**64, meaning prime = 1, but 1 is not prime.
+//   for (const add of [2n ** 64n, 2n ** 65n]) {
+//     assert.throws(() => {
+//       generatePrimeSync(64, { add });
+//     }, {
+//       code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//       message: 'invalid options.add'
+//     });
+//   }
+
+//   // Any parameters with rem >= add lead to an impossible condition.
+//   for (const rem of [7n, 8n, 3000n]) {
+//     assert.throws(() => {
+//       generatePrimeSync(64, { add: 7n, rem });
+//     }, {
+//       code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+//       message: 'invalid options.rem'
+//     });
+//   }
+
+//   // This is possible, but not allowed. It implies prime == 7, which means that
+//   // we did not actually generate a random prime.
+//   assert.throws(() => {
+//     generatePrimeSync(3, { add: 8n, rem: 7n });
+//   }, {
+//     code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE'
+//   });
+
+//   if (process.versions.openssl >= '1.1.1f') {
+//     // This is possible and allowed (but makes little sense).
+//     assert.strictEqual(generatePrimeSync(4, {
+//       add: 15n,
+//       rem: 13n,
+//       bigint: true
+//     }), 13n);
+//   }
+// }
+
+[1, 'hello', {}, []].forEach((i) => {
+  assert.throws(() => checkPrime(i), {
+    code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE'
+  });
+});
+
+for (const checks of ['hello', {}, []]) {
+  assert.throws(() => checkPrime(2n, { checks }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+    code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+    message: /checks/
+  });
+  assert.throws(() => checkPrimeSync(2n, { checks }), {
+    code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+    message: /checks/
+  });
+}
+
+for (const checks of [-(2 ** 31), -1, 2 ** 31, 2 ** 32 - 1, 2 ** 32, 2 ** 50]) {
+  assert.throws(() => checkPrime(2n, { checks }, common.mustNotCall()), {
+    code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+    message: /<= 2147483647/
+  });
+  assert.throws(() => checkPrimeSync(2n, { checks }), {
+    code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+    message: /<= 2147483647/
+  });
+}
diff --git a/ext/node/Cargo.toml b/ext/node/Cargo.toml
index a6a4e36a50..d0a5a40fba 100644
--- a/ext/node/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ext/node/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ indexmap.workspace = true
 libz-sys = { version = "1.1.8", features = ["static"] }
 md-5 = "0.10.5"
 md4 = "0.10.2"
+num-bigint.workspace = true
+num-integer = "0.1.45"
+num-traits = "0.2.14"
 once_cell.workspace = true
 path-clean = "=0.1.0"
 pbkdf2 = "0.12.1"
diff --git a/ext/node/crypto/mod.rs b/ext/node/crypto/mod.rs
index be4035561b..352d9c31a0 100644
--- a/ext/node/crypto/mod.rs
+++ b/ext/node/crypto/mod.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@
 use deno_core::error::type_error;
 use deno_core::error::AnyError;
 use deno_core::op;
+use deno_core::serde_v8;
 use deno_core::OpState;
 use deno_core::ResourceId;
 use deno_core::StringOrBuffer;
 use deno_core::ZeroCopyBuf;
+use num_bigint::BigInt;
+use std::future::Future;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use rsa::padding::PaddingScheme;
@@ -17,6 +20,52 @@ use rsa::RsaPublicKey;
 
 mod cipher;
 mod digest;
+mod primes;
+
+#[op]
+pub fn op_node_check_prime(num: serde_v8::BigInt, checks: usize) -> bool {
+  primes::is_probably_prime(&num, checks)
+}
+
+#[op]
+pub fn op_node_check_prime_bytes(
+  bytes: &[u8],
+  checks: usize,
+) -> Result<bool, AnyError> {
+  let candidate = BigInt::from_bytes_be(num_bigint::Sign::Plus, bytes);
+  Ok(primes::is_probably_prime(&candidate, checks))
+}
+
+#[op]
+pub async fn op_node_check_prime_async(
+  num: serde_v8::BigInt,
+  checks: usize,
+) -> Result<bool, AnyError> {
+  // TODO(@littledivy): use rayon for CPU-bound tasks
+  Ok(
+    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+      primes::is_probably_prime(&num, checks)
+    })
+    .await?,
+  )
+}
+
+#[op]
+pub fn op_node_check_prime_bytes_async(
+  bytes: &[u8],
+  checks: usize,
+) -> Result<impl Future<Output = Result<bool, AnyError>> + 'static, AnyError> {
+  let candidate = BigInt::from_bytes_be(num_bigint::Sign::Plus, bytes);
+  // TODO(@littledivy): use rayon for CPU-bound tasks
+  Ok(async move {
+    Ok(
+      tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        primes::is_probably_prime(&candidate, checks)
+      })
+      .await?,
+    )
+  })
+}
 
 #[op(fast)]
 pub fn op_node_create_hash(state: &mut OpState, algorithm: &str) -> u32 {
diff --git a/ext/node/crypto/primes.rs b/ext/node/crypto/primes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f438d87259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/node/crypto/primes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+// Copyright 2018-2023 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
+
+use num_bigint::BigInt;
+use num_integer::Integer;
+use num_traits::One;
+use num_traits::Zero;
+use rand::Rng;
+
+struct Witness {
+  pow: BigInt,
+  wit: BigInt,
+}
+
+/// Modified version of bigpowmod() from http://nickle.org/examples/miller-rabin.5c
+/// Computes core of Miller-Rabin test as suggested by
+/// Cormen/Leiserson/Rivest.
+fn witnessexp(b: &BigInt, e: &BigInt, m: &BigInt) -> Witness {
+  if *e == BigInt::zero() {
+    return Witness {
+      pow: BigInt::zero(),
+      wit: BigInt::one(),
+    };
+  }
+  if *e == BigInt::one() {
+    return Witness {
+      pow: b % m,
+      wit: BigInt::zero(),
+    };
+  }
+  let ehalf = e / BigInt::from(2);
+  let mut tmp = witnessexp(b, &ehalf, m);
+  if tmp.wit != BigInt::zero() {
+    return tmp;
+  }
+  let t: BigInt = BigInt::pow(&tmp.pow, 2) % m;
+  if t == BigInt::one()
+    && tmp.pow != BigInt::one()
+    && &tmp.pow + BigInt::one() != *m
+  {
+    tmp.wit = tmp.pow;
+    tmp.pow = t;
+    return tmp;
+  }
+  if e % BigInt::from(2) == BigInt::zero() {
+    tmp.pow = t;
+  } else {
+    tmp.pow = (t * b) % m;
+  }
+  tmp
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn is_probably_prime(n: &BigInt, count: usize) -> bool {
+  if *n == BigInt::from(1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if *n == BigInt::from(2) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if n.is_even() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for p in SMALL_PRIMES.into_iter() {
+    let p = BigInt::from(p);
+    if *n == p {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if n % p == BigInt::zero() {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+  for _ in 0..count {
+    let a = rng.gen_range(BigInt::one()..n.clone());
+    let we = witnessexp(&a, &(n - BigInt::one()), n);
+    if we.wit != BigInt::zero() || we.pow != BigInt::one() {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  true
+}
+
+static SMALL_PRIMES: [u32; 2047] = [
+  3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73,
+  79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157,
+  163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239,
+  241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271, 277, 281, 283, 293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331,
+  337, 347, 349, 353, 359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 409, 419, 421,
+  431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467, 479, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509,
+  521, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599, 601, 607, 613,
+  617, 619, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661, 673, 677, 683, 691, 701, 709,
+  719, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809, 811, 821,
+  823, 827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877, 881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919,
+  929, 937, 941, 947, 953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997, 1009, 1013, 1019,
+  1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087, 1091, 1093, 1097,
+  1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201,
+  1213, 1217, 1223, 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291,
+  1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381, 1399, 1409,
+  1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487,
+  1489, 1493, 1499, 1511, 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579,
+  1583, 1597, 1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663, 1667,
+  1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777,
+  1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877,
+  1879, 1889, 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993,
+  1997, 1999, 2003, 2011, 2017, 2027, 2029, 2039, 2053, 2063, 2069, 2081, 2083,
+  2087, 2089, 2099, 2111, 2113, 2129, 2131, 2137, 2141, 2143, 2153, 2161, 2179,
+  2203, 2207, 2213, 2221, 2237, 2239, 2243, 2251, 2267, 2269, 2273, 2281, 2287,
+  2293, 2297, 2309, 2311, 2333, 2339, 2341, 2347, 2351, 2357, 2371, 2377, 2381,
+  2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423, 2437, 2441, 2447, 2459, 2467, 2473,
+  2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539, 2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 2609,
+  2617, 2621, 2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689, 2693,
+  2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741, 2749, 2753, 2767, 2777, 2789,
+  2791, 2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833, 2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887,
+  2897, 2903, 2909, 2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999, 3001,
+  3011, 3019, 3023, 3037, 3041, 3049, 3061, 3067, 3079, 3083, 3089, 3109, 3119,
+  3121, 3137, 3163, 3167, 3169, 3181, 3187, 3191, 3203, 3209, 3217, 3221, 3229,
+  3251, 3253, 3257, 3259, 3271, 3299, 3301, 3307, 3313, 3319, 3323, 3329, 3331,
+  3343, 3347, 3359, 3361, 3371, 3373, 3389, 3391, 3407, 3413, 3433, 3449, 3457,
+  3461, 3463, 3467, 3469, 3491, 3499, 3511, 3517, 3527, 3529, 3533, 3539, 3541,
+  3547, 3557, 3559, 3571, 3581, 3583, 3593, 3607, 3613, 3617, 3623, 3631, 3637,
+  3643, 3659, 3671, 3673, 3677, 3691, 3697, 3701, 3709, 3719, 3727, 3733, 3739,
+  3761, 3767, 3769, 3779, 3793, 3797, 3803, 3821, 3823, 3833, 3847, 3851, 3853,
+  3863, 3877, 3881, 3889, 3907, 3911, 3917, 3919, 3923, 3929, 3931, 3943, 3947,
+  3967, 3989, 4001, 4003, 4007, 4013, 4019, 4021, 4027, 4049, 4051, 4057, 4073,
+  4079, 4091, 4093, 4099, 4111, 4127, 4129, 4133, 4139, 4153, 4157, 4159, 4177,
+  4201, 4211, 4217, 4219, 4229, 4231, 4241, 4243, 4253, 4259, 4261, 4271, 4273,
+  4283, 4289, 4297, 4327, 4337, 4339, 4349, 4357, 4363, 4373, 4391, 4397, 4409,
+  4421, 4423, 4441, 4447, 4451, 4457, 4463, 4481, 4483, 4493, 4507, 4513, 4517,
+  4519, 4523, 4547, 4549, 4561, 4567, 4583, 4591, 4597, 4603, 4621, 4637, 4639,
+  4643, 4649, 4651, 4657, 4663, 4673, 4679, 4691, 4703, 4721, 4723, 4729, 4733,
+  4751, 4759, 4783, 4787, 4789, 4793, 4799, 4801, 4813, 4817, 4831, 4861, 4871,
+  4877, 4889, 4903, 4909, 4919, 4931, 4933, 4937, 4943, 4951, 4957, 4967, 4969,
+  4973, 4987, 4993, 4999, 5003, 5009, 5011, 5021, 5023, 5039, 5051, 5059, 5077,
+  5081, 5087, 5099, 5101, 5107, 5113, 5119, 5147, 5153, 5167, 5171, 5179, 5189,
+  5197, 5209, 5227, 5231, 5233, 5237, 5261, 5273, 5279, 5281, 5297, 5303, 5309,
+  5323, 5333, 5347, 5351, 5381, 5387, 5393, 5399, 5407, 5413, 5417, 5419, 5431,
+  5437, 5441, 5443, 5449, 5471, 5477, 5479, 5483, 5501, 5503, 5507, 5519, 5521,
+  5527, 5531, 5557, 5563, 5569, 5573, 5581, 5591, 5623, 5639, 5641, 5647, 5651,
+  5653, 5657, 5659, 5669, 5683, 5689, 5693, 5701, 5711, 5717, 5737, 5741, 5743,
+  5749, 5779, 5783, 5791, 5801, 5807, 5813, 5821, 5827, 5839, 5843, 5849, 5851,
+  5857, 5861, 5867, 5869, 5879, 5881, 5897, 5903, 5923, 5927, 5939, 5953, 5981,
+  5987, 6007, 6011, 6029, 6037, 6043, 6047, 6053, 6067, 6073, 6079, 6089, 6091,
+  6101, 6113, 6121, 6131, 6133, 6143, 6151, 6163, 6173, 6197, 6199, 6203, 6211,
+  6217, 6221, 6229, 6247, 6257, 6263, 6269, 6271, 6277, 6287, 6299, 6301, 6311,
+  6317, 6323, 6329, 6337, 6343, 6353, 6359, 6361, 6367, 6373, 6379, 6389, 6397,
+  6421, 6427, 6449, 6451, 6469, 6473, 6481, 6491, 6521, 6529, 6547, 6551, 6553,
+  6563, 6569, 6571, 6577, 6581, 6599, 6607, 6619, 6637, 6653, 6659, 6661, 6673,
+  6679, 6689, 6691, 6701, 6703, 6709, 6719, 6733, 6737, 6761, 6763, 6779, 6781,
+  6791, 6793, 6803, 6823, 6827, 6829, 6833, 6841, 6857, 6863, 6869, 6871, 6883,
+  6899, 6907, 6911, 6917, 6947, 6949, 6959, 6961, 6967, 6971, 6977, 6983, 6991,
+  6997, 7001, 7013, 7019, 7027, 7039, 7043, 7057, 7069, 7079, 7103, 7109, 7121,
+  7127, 7129, 7151, 7159, 7177, 7187, 7193, 7207, 7211, 7213, 7219, 7229, 7237,
+  7243, 7247, 7253, 7283, 7297, 7307, 7309, 7321, 7331, 7333, 7349, 7351, 7369,
+  7393, 7411, 7417, 7433, 7451, 7457, 7459, 7477, 7481, 7487, 7489, 7499, 7507,
+  7517, 7523, 7529, 7537, 7541, 7547, 7549, 7559, 7561, 7573, 7577, 7583, 7589,
+  7591, 7603, 7607, 7621, 7639, 7643, 7649, 7669, 7673, 7681, 7687, 7691, 7699,
+  7703, 7717, 7723, 7727, 7741, 7753, 7757, 7759, 7789, 7793, 7817, 7823, 7829,
+  7841, 7853, 7867, 7873, 7877, 7879, 7883, 7901, 7907, 7919, 7927, 7933, 7937,
+  7949, 7951, 7963, 7993, 8009, 8011, 8017, 8039, 8053, 8059, 8069, 8081, 8087,
+  8089, 8093, 8101, 8111, 8117, 8123, 8147, 8161, 8167, 8171, 8179, 8191, 8209,
+  8219, 8221, 8231, 8233, 8237, 8243, 8263, 8269, 8273, 8287, 8291, 8293, 8297,
+  8311, 8317, 8329, 8353, 8363, 8369, 8377, 8387, 8389, 8419, 8423, 8429, 8431,
+  8443, 8447, 8461, 8467, 8501, 8513, 8521, 8527, 8537, 8539, 8543, 8563, 8573,
+  8581, 8597, 8599, 8609, 8623, 8627, 8629, 8641, 8647, 8663, 8669, 8677, 8681,
+  8689, 8693, 8699, 8707, 8713, 8719, 8731, 8737, 8741, 8747, 8753, 8761, 8779,
+  8783, 8803, 8807, 8819, 8821, 8831, 8837, 8839, 8849, 8861, 8863, 8867, 8887,
+  8893, 8923, 8929, 8933, 8941, 8951, 8963, 8969, 8971, 8999, 9001, 9007, 9011,
+  9013, 9029, 9041, 9043, 9049, 9059, 9067, 9091, 9103, 9109, 9127, 9133, 9137,
+  9151, 9157, 9161, 9173, 9181, 9187, 9199, 9203, 9209, 9221, 9227, 9239, 9241,
+  9257, 9277, 9281, 9283, 9293, 9311, 9319, 9323, 9337, 9341, 9343, 9349, 9371,
+  9377, 9391, 9397, 9403, 9413, 9419, 9421, 9431, 9433, 9437, 9439, 9461, 9463,
+  9467, 9473, 9479, 9491, 9497, 9511, 9521, 9533, 9539, 9547, 9551, 9587, 9601,
+  9613, 9619, 9623, 9629, 9631, 9643, 9649, 9661, 9677, 9679, 9689, 9697, 9719,
+  9721, 9733, 9739, 9743, 9749, 9767, 9769, 9781, 9787, 9791, 9803, 9811, 9817,
+  9829, 9833, 9839, 9851, 9857, 9859, 9871, 9883, 9887, 9901, 9907, 9923, 9929,
+  9931, 9941, 9949, 9967, 9973, 10007, 10009, 10037, 10039, 10061, 10067,
+  10069, 10079, 10091, 10093, 10099, 10103, 10111, 10133, 10139, 10141, 10151,
+  10159, 10163, 10169, 10177, 10181, 10193, 10211, 10223, 10243, 10247, 10253,
+  10259, 10267, 10271, 10273, 10289, 10301, 10303, 10313, 10321, 10331, 10333,
+  10337, 10343, 10357, 10369, 10391, 10399, 10427, 10429, 10433, 10453, 10457,
+  10459, 10463, 10477, 10487, 10499, 10501, 10513, 10529, 10531, 10559, 10567,
+  10589, 10597, 10601, 10607, 10613, 10627, 10631, 10639, 10651, 10657, 10663,
+  10667, 10687, 10691, 10709, 10711, 10723, 10729, 10733, 10739, 10753, 10771,
+  10781, 10789, 10799, 10831, 10837, 10847, 10853, 10859, 10861, 10867, 10883,
+  10889, 10891, 10903, 10909, 10937, 10939, 10949, 10957, 10973, 10979, 10987,
+  10993, 11003, 11027, 11047, 11057, 11059, 11069, 11071, 11083, 11087, 11093,
+  11113, 11117, 11119, 11131, 11149, 11159, 11161, 11171, 11173, 11177, 11197,
+  11213, 11239, 11243, 11251, 11257, 11261, 11273, 11279, 11287, 11299, 11311,
+  11317, 11321, 11329, 11351, 11353, 11369, 11383, 11393, 11399, 11411, 11423,
+  11437, 11443, 11447, 11467, 11471, 11483, 11489, 11491, 11497, 11503, 11519,
+  11527, 11549, 11551, 11579, 11587, 11593, 11597, 11617, 11621, 11633, 11657,
+  11677, 11681, 11689, 11699, 11701, 11717, 11719, 11731, 11743, 11777, 11779,
+  11783, 11789, 11801, 11807, 11813, 11821, 11827, 11831, 11833, 11839, 11863,
+  11867, 11887, 11897, 11903, 11909, 11923, 11927, 11933, 11939, 11941, 11953,
+  11959, 11969, 11971, 11981, 11987, 12007, 12011, 12037, 12041, 12043, 12049,
+  12071, 12073, 12097, 12101, 12107, 12109, 12113, 12119, 12143, 12149, 12157,
+  12161, 12163, 12197, 12203, 12211, 12227, 12239, 12241, 12251, 12253, 12263,
+  12269, 12277, 12281, 12289, 12301, 12323, 12329, 12343, 12347, 12373, 12377,
+  12379, 12391, 12401, 12409, 12413, 12421, 12433, 12437, 12451, 12457, 12473,
+  12479, 12487, 12491, 12497, 12503, 12511, 12517, 12527, 12539, 12541, 12547,
+  12553, 12569, 12577, 12583, 12589, 12601, 12611, 12613, 12619, 12637, 12641,
+  12647, 12653, 12659, 12671, 12689, 12697, 12703, 12713, 12721, 12739, 12743,
+  12757, 12763, 12781, 12791, 12799, 12809, 12821, 12823, 12829, 12841, 12853,
+  12889, 12893, 12899, 12907, 12911, 12917, 12919, 12923, 12941, 12953, 12959,
+  12967, 12973, 12979, 12983, 13001, 13003, 13007, 13009, 13033, 13037, 13043,
+  13049, 13063, 13093, 13099, 13103, 13109, 13121, 13127, 13147, 13151, 13159,
+  13163, 13171, 13177, 13183, 13187, 13217, 13219, 13229, 13241, 13249, 13259,
+  13267, 13291, 13297, 13309, 13313, 13327, 13331, 13337, 13339, 13367, 13381,
+  13397, 13399, 13411, 13417, 13421, 13441, 13451, 13457, 13463, 13469, 13477,
+  13487, 13499, 13513, 13523, 13537, 13553, 13567, 13577, 13591, 13597, 13613,
+  13619, 13627, 13633, 13649, 13669, 13679, 13681, 13687, 13691, 13693, 13697,
+  13709, 13711, 13721, 13723, 13729, 13751, 13757, 13759, 13763, 13781, 13789,
+  13799, 13807, 13829, 13831, 13841, 13859, 13873, 13877, 13879, 13883, 13901,
+  13903, 13907, 13913, 13921, 13931, 13933, 13963, 13967, 13997, 13999, 14009,
+  14011, 14029, 14033, 14051, 14057, 14071, 14081, 14083, 14087, 14107, 14143,
+  14149, 14153, 14159, 14173, 14177, 14197, 14207, 14221, 14243, 14249, 14251,
+  14281, 14293, 14303, 14321, 14323, 14327, 14341, 14347, 14369, 14387, 14389,
+  14401, 14407, 14411, 14419, 14423, 14431, 14437, 14447, 14449, 14461, 14479,
+  14489, 14503, 14519, 14533, 14537, 14543, 14549, 14551, 14557, 14561, 14563,
+  14591, 14593, 14621, 14627, 14629, 14633, 14639, 14653, 14657, 14669, 14683,
+  14699, 14713, 14717, 14723, 14731, 14737, 14741, 14747, 14753, 14759, 14767,
+  14771, 14779, 14783, 14797, 14813, 14821, 14827, 14831, 14843, 14851, 14867,
+  14869, 14879, 14887, 14891, 14897, 14923, 14929, 14939, 14947, 14951, 14957,
+  14969, 14983, 15013, 15017, 15031, 15053, 15061, 15073, 15077, 15083, 15091,
+  15101, 15107, 15121, 15131, 15137, 15139, 15149, 15161, 15173, 15187, 15193,
+  15199, 15217, 15227, 15233, 15241, 15259, 15263, 15269, 15271, 15277, 15287,
+  15289, 15299, 15307, 15313, 15319, 15329, 15331, 15349, 15359, 15361, 15373,
+  15377, 15383, 15391, 15401, 15413, 15427, 15439, 15443, 15451, 15461, 15467,
+  15473, 15493, 15497, 15511, 15527, 15541, 15551, 15559, 15569, 15581, 15583,
+  15601, 15607, 15619, 15629, 15641, 15643, 15647, 15649, 15661, 15667, 15671,
+  15679, 15683, 15727, 15731, 15733, 15737, 15739, 15749, 15761, 15767, 15773,
+  15787, 15791, 15797, 15803, 15809, 15817, 15823, 15859, 15877, 15881, 15887,
+  15889, 15901, 15907, 15913, 15919, 15923, 15937, 15959, 15971, 15973, 15991,
+  16001, 16007, 16033, 16057, 16061, 16063, 16067, 16069, 16073, 16087, 16091,
+  16097, 16103, 16111, 16127, 16139, 16141, 16183, 16187, 16189, 16193, 16217,
+  16223, 16229, 16231, 16249, 16253, 16267, 16273, 16301, 16319, 16333, 16339,
+  16349, 16361, 16363, 16369, 16381, 16411, 16417, 16421, 16427, 16433, 16447,
+  16451, 16453, 16477, 16481, 16487, 16493, 16519, 16529, 16547, 16553, 16561,
+  16567, 16573, 16603, 16607, 16619, 16631, 16633, 16649, 16651, 16657, 16661,
+  16673, 16691, 16693, 16699, 16703, 16729, 16741, 16747, 16759, 16763, 16787,
+  16811, 16823, 16829, 16831, 16843, 16871, 16879, 16883, 16889, 16901, 16903,
+  16921, 16927, 16931, 16937, 16943, 16963, 16979, 16981, 16987, 16993, 17011,
+  17021, 17027, 17029, 17033, 17041, 17047, 17053, 17077, 17093, 17099, 17107,
+  17117, 17123, 17137, 17159, 17167, 17183, 17189, 17191, 17203, 17207, 17209,
+  17231, 17239, 17257, 17291, 17293, 17299, 17317, 17321, 17327, 17333, 17341,
+  17351, 17359, 17377, 17383, 17387, 17389, 17393, 17401, 17417, 17419, 17431,
+  17443, 17449, 17467, 17471, 17477, 17483, 17489, 17491, 17497, 17509, 17519,
+  17539, 17551, 17569, 17573, 17579, 17581, 17597, 17599, 17609, 17623, 17627,
+  17657, 17659, 17669, 17681, 17683, 17707, 17713, 17729, 17737, 17747, 17749,
+  17761, 17783, 17789, 17791, 17807, 17827, 17837, 17839, 17851, 17863,
+];
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+  use super::*;
+  use num_bigint::BigInt;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_prime() {
+    for &p in SMALL_PRIMES.iter() {
+      assert!(is_probably_prime(&BigInt::from(p), 16));
+    }
+
+    assert!(is_probably_prime(&BigInt::from(0x7FFF_FFFF), 16));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn test_composite() {
+    assert!(!is_probably_prime(&BigInt::from(0x7FFF_FFFE), 16));
+    assert!(!is_probably_prime(
+      &BigInt::from(0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFFF_u64),
+      16
+    ));
+    assert!(!is_probably_prime(&BigInt::parse_bytes(b"12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890", 10).unwrap(), 16));
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn oeis_a014233() {
+    // https://oeis.org/A014233
+    //
+    // Smallest odd number for which Miller-Rabin primality test
+    // on bases <= n-th prime does not reveal compositeness.
+    let a014233: [BigInt; 10] = [
+      2047u64.into(),
+      1373653u64.into(),
+      25326001u64.into(),
+      3215031751u64.into(),
+      2152302898747u64.into(),
+      3474749660383u64.into(),
+      341550071728321u64.into(),
+      3825123056546413051u64.into(),
+      BigInt::parse_bytes(b"318665857834031151167461", 10).unwrap(),
+      BigInt::parse_bytes(b"3317044064679887385961981", 10).unwrap(),
+    ];
+
+    for p in a014233 {
+      assert!(!is_probably_prime(&p, 16), "{} should be composite", p);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/ext/node/lib.rs b/ext/node/lib.rs
index 79ab9ed239..b83a86a5bd 100644
--- a/ext/node/lib.rs
+++ b/ext/node/lib.rs
@@ -113,6 +113,10 @@ deno_core::extension!(deno_node,
     crypto::op_node_private_encrypt,
     crypto::op_node_private_decrypt,
     crypto::op_node_public_encrypt,
+    crypto::op_node_check_prime,
+    crypto::op_node_check_prime_async,
+    crypto::op_node_check_prime_bytes,
+    crypto::op_node_check_prime_bytes_async,
     crypto::op_node_pbkdf2,
     crypto::op_node_pbkdf2_async,
     winerror::op_node_sys_to_uv_error,
diff --git a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/crypto/random.ts b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/crypto/random.ts
index cd2333d8cd..07d91976a6 100644
--- a/ext/node/polyfills/internal/crypto/random.ts
+++ b/ext/node/polyfills/internal/crypto/random.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ import randomFill, {
   randomFillSync,
 } from "ext:deno_node/internal/crypto/_randomFill.ts";
 import randomInt from "ext:deno_node/internal/crypto/_randomInt.ts";
+import {
+  validateFunction,
+  validateInt32,
+  validateObject,
+} from "ext:deno_node/internal/validators.mjs";
+import {
+  isAnyArrayBuffer,
+  isArrayBufferView,
+} from "ext:deno_node/internal/util/types.ts";
+import { ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE } from "ext:deno_node/internal/errors.ts";
 
 export { default as randomBytes } from "ext:deno_node/internal/crypto/_randomBytes.ts";
 export {
@@ -15,6 +25,9 @@ export {
 } from "ext:deno_node/internal/crypto/_randomFill.ts";
 export { default as randomInt } from "ext:deno_node/internal/crypto/_randomInt.ts";
 
+const { core } = globalThis.__bootstrap;
+const { ops } = core;
+
 export type LargeNumberLike =
   | ArrayBufferView
   | SharedArrayBuffer
@@ -43,18 +56,80 @@ export function checkPrime(
   callback: (err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void,
 ): void;
 export function checkPrime(
-  _candidate: LargeNumberLike,
-  _options?: CheckPrimeOptions | ((err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void),
-  _callback?: (err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void,
+  candidate: LargeNumberLike,
+  options: CheckPrimeOptions | ((err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void) =
+    {},
+  callback?: (err: Error | null, result: boolean) => void,
 ) {
-  notImplemented("crypto.checkPrime");
+  if (typeof options === "function") {
+    callback = options;
+    options = {};
+  }
+
+  validateFunction(callback, "callback");
+  validateObject(options, "options");
+
+  const {
+    checks = 0,
+  } = options!;
+
+  validateInt32(checks, "options.checks", 0);
+
+  let op = "op_node_check_prime_bytes_async";
+  if (typeof candidate === "bigint") {
+    op = "op_node_check_prime_async";
+  } else if (!isAnyArrayBuffer(candidate) && !isArrayBufferView(candidate)) {
+    throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(
+      "candidate",
+      [
+        "ArrayBuffer",
+        "TypedArray",
+        "Buffer",
+        "DataView",
+        "bigint",
+      ],
+      candidate,
+    );
+  }
+
+  core.opAsync(op, candidate, checks).then(
+    (result) => {
+      callback?.(null, result);
+    },
+  ).catch((err) => {
+    callback?.(err, false);
+  });
 }
 
 export function checkPrimeSync(
-  _candidate: LargeNumberLike,
-  _options?: CheckPrimeOptions,
+  candidate: LargeNumberLike,
+  options: CheckPrimeOptions = {},
 ): boolean {
-  notImplemented("crypto.checkPrimeSync");
+  validateObject(options, "options");
+
+  const {
+    checks = 0,
+  } = options!;
+
+  validateInt32(checks, "options.checks", 0);
+
+  if (typeof candidate === "bigint") {
+    return ops.op_node_check_prime(candidate, checks);
+  } else if (!isAnyArrayBuffer(candidate) && !isArrayBufferView(candidate)) {
+    throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(
+      "candidate",
+      [
+        "ArrayBuffer",
+        "TypedArray",
+        "Buffer",
+        "DataView",
+        "bigint",
+      ],
+      candidate,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return ops.op_node_check_prime_bytes(candidate, checks);
 }
 
 export interface GeneratePrimeOptions {