docs: add debugger manual (#5265)

docs/tools.md

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ and TypeScript:
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 <!-- prettier incorrectly moves the coming soon links to new lines -->
 
-- [test runner (`deno test`)](./testing.md)
-- [code formatter (`deno fmt`)](./tools/formatter.md)
 - [bundler (`deno bundle`)](./tools/bundler.md)
-- [debugger (`--debug`)](./tools/debugger.md)
-- [documentation generator (`deno doc`)](./tools/documentation_generator.md)
+- [debugger (`--inspect, --inspect-brk`)](./tools/debugger.md)
 - [dependency inspector (`deno info`)](./tools/dependency_inspector.md)
+- [documentation generator (`deno doc`)](./tools/documentation_generator.md)
+- [formatter (`deno fmt`)](./tools/formatter.md)
+- [test runner (`deno test`)](./testing.md)
 - linter (`deno lint`) [coming soon](https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/1880)
 
 <!-- prettier-ignore-end -->

docs/tools/debugger.md

@@ -1,3 +1,131 @@
 ## Debugger
 
-<!-- TODO(lucacasonto): write things -->
+Deno supports [V8 Inspector Protocol](https://v8.dev/docs/inspector).
+
+It is possible to debug Deno programs using Chrome Devtools or other clients
+that support the protocol (eg. VSCode).
+
+To activate debugging capabilities run Deno with `--inspect` or `--inspect-brk`
+flag.
+
+`--inspect` flag allows to attach debugger at any point in time, while
+`--inspect-brk` will wait for debugger being attached and pause execution on the
+first line of code.
+
+### Chrome Devtools
+
+Let's try debugging simple program using Chrome Devtools; for this purpose we'll
+use [file_server.ts](https://deno.land/std@v0.50.0/http/file_server.ts) from
+`std`; a simple static file server.
+
+Use `--inspect-brk` flag to break execution on the first line.
+
+```shell
+$ deno run --inspect-brk https://deno.land/std@v0.50.0/http/file_server.ts
+Debugger listening on ws://127.0.0.1:9229/ws/1e82c406-85a9-44ab-86b6-7341583480b1
+Download https://deno.land/std@v0.50.0/http/file_server.ts
+Compile https://deno.land/std@v0.50.0/http/file_server.ts
+...
+```
+
+Open `chrome://inspect` and click `Inspect` next to target:
+
+![chrome://inspect](../images/debugger1.jpg)
+
+It might take a few seconds after opening the devtools to load all modules.
+
+![Devtools opened](../images/debugger2.jpg)
+
+You might notice that Devtools paused execution on the first line of
+`_constants.ts` instead of `file_server.ts`. This is an expected behavior and is
+caused by the way ES modules are evaluated by V8 (`_constants.ts` is left-most,
+bottom-most dependency of `file_server.ts` so it is evaluated first).
+
+At this point all source code is available in the Devtools, so let's open up
+`file_server.ts` and add a breakpoint there; go to "Sources" pane and expand the
+tree:
+
+![Open file_server.ts](../images/debugger3.jpg)
+
+_Looking closesly you'll find duplicate entries for each file; one written
+regularly and one in italics. The former is compiled source file (so in case of
+`.ts` files it will be emitted JavaScript source), while the latter is a source
+map for the file._
+
+Add a breakpoint in `listenAndServe` method:
+
+![Break in file_server.ts](../images/debugger4.jpg)
+
+As soon as we've added the breakpoint Devtools automatically opened up source
+map file, which allows us step through the actual source code that includes
+types.
+
+Let's send a request and inspect it in Devtools:
+
+```
+$ curl http://0.0.0.0:4500/
+```
+
+![Break in request handling](../images/debugger5.jpg)
+
+At this point we can introspect contents of the request and go step-by-step to
+debug the code.
+
+### VSCode
+
+Deno can be debugged using VSCode.
+
+Official support in plugin is being worked on -
+https://github.com/denoland/vscode_deno/issues/12
+
+We can still attach debugger by manually providing simple `launch.json` config:
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "Deno",
+      "type": "node",
+      "request": "launch",
+      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+      "runtimeExecutable": "deno",
+      "runtimeArgs": ["run", "--inspect-brk", "-A", "<entry_point>"],
+      "port": 9229
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**NOTE**: Replace `<entry_point>` with actual script name.
+
+This time let's try with local source file, create `server.ts`:
+
+```ts
+import { serve } from "https://deno.land/std@v0.50.0/http/server.ts";
+const s = serve({ port: 8000 });
+console.log("http://localhost:8000/");
+
+for await (const req of s) {
+  req.respond({ body: "Hello World\n" });
+}
+```
+
+Change `<entry_point>` to `server.ts` and run created configuration:
+
+![VSCode debugger](../images/debugger6.jpg)
+
+![VSCode debugger](../images/debugger7.jpg)
+
+### Other
+
+Any client that implementes Devtools protocol should be able to connect to Deno
+process.
+
+### Limitations
+
+Devtools support is still immature, there are some functionalities that are
+known to be missing/buggy:
+
+- autocomplete in Devtools' Console causes Deno process to exit
+- profiling and memory dumps might not work correctly