# Testing

Deno has a built-in test runner that you can use for testing JavaScript or
TypeScript code.

`deno test` will search in `./*` and `./**/*` recursively, for test files:

- named `test.{ts, tsx, js, mjs, jsx}`,
- or ending with `.test.{ts, tsx, js, mjs, jsx}`,
- or ending with `_test.{ts, tsx, js, mjs, jsx}`

## Writing tests

To define a test you need to call `Deno.test` with a name and function to be
tested. There are two styles you can use.

```ts
import { assertEquals } from "https://deno.land/std@$STD_VERSION/testing/asserts.ts";

// Simple name and function, compact form, but not configurable
Deno.test("hello world #1", () => {
  const x = 1 + 2;
  assertEquals(x, 3);
});

// Fully fledged test definition, longer form, but configurable (see below)
Deno.test({
  name: "hello world #2",
  fn: () => {
    const x = 1 + 2;
    assertEquals(x, 3);
  },
});
```

## Assertions

There are some useful assertion utilities at
https://deno.land/std@$STD_VERSION/testing#usage to make testing easier:

```ts
import {
  assertArrayIncludes,
  assertEquals,
} from "https://deno.land/std@$STD_VERSION/testing/asserts.ts";

Deno.test("hello world", () => {
  const x = 1 + 2;
  assertEquals(x, 3);
  assertArrayIncludes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [3], "Expected 3 to be in the array");
});
```

### Async functions

You can also test asynchronous code by passing a test function that returns a
promise. For this you can use the `async` keyword when defining a function:

```ts
import { delay } from "https://deno.land/std@$STD_VERSION/async/delay.ts";

Deno.test("async hello world", async () => {
  const x = 1 + 2;

  // await some async task
  await delay(100);

  if (x !== 3) {
    throw Error("x should be equal to 3");
  }
});
```

### Resource and async op sanitizers

Certain actions in Deno create resources in the resource table
([learn more here](./contributing/architecture.md)). These resources should be
closed after you are done using them.

For each test definition, the test runner checks that all resources created in
this test have been closed. This is to prevent resource 'leaks'. This is enabled
by default for all tests, but can be disabled by setting the `sanitizeResources`
boolean to false in the test definition.

The same is true for async operation like interacting with the filesystem. The
test runner checks that each operation you start in the test is completed before
the end of the test. This is enabled by default for all tests, but can be
disabled by setting the `sanitizeOps` boolean to false in the test definition.

```ts
Deno.test({
  name: "leaky test",
  fn() {
    Deno.open("hello.txt");
  },
  sanitizeResources: false,
  sanitizeOps: false,
});
```

### Exit sanitizer

There's also the exit sanitizer which ensures that tested code doesn't call
Deno.exit() signaling a false test success.

This is enabled by default for all tests, but can be disabled by setting the
`sanitizeExit` boolean to false in thetest definition.

```ts
Deno.test({
  name: "false success",
  fn() {
    Deno.exit(0);
  },
  sanitizeExit: false,
});

Deno.test({
  name: "failing test",
  fn() {
    throw new Error("this test fails");
  },
});
```

## Running tests

To run the test, call `deno test` with the file that contains your test
function. You can also omit the file name, in which case all tests in the
current directory (recursively) that match the glob
`{*_,*.,}test.{js,mjs,ts,jsx,tsx}` will be run. If you pass a directory, all
files in the directory that match this glob will be run.

```shell
# Run all tests in the current directory and all sub-directories
deno test

# Run all tests in the util directory
deno test util/

# Run just my_test.ts
deno test my_test.ts
```

`deno test` uses the same permission model as `deno run` and therefore will
require, for example, `--allow-write` to write to the file system during
testing.

To see all runtime options with `deno test`, you can reference the command line
help:

```shell
deno help test
```

## Filtering

There are a number of options to filter the tests you are running.

### Command line filtering

Tests can be run individually or in groups using the command line `--filter`
option.

The filter flags accept a string or a pattern as value.

Assuming the following tests:

```ts
Deno.test({ name: "my-test", fn: myTest });
Deno.test({ name: "test-1", fn: test1 });
Deno.test({ name: "test2", fn: test2 });
```

This command will run all of these tests because they all contain the word
"test".

```shell
deno test --filter "test" tests/
```

On the flip side, the following command uses a pattern and will run the second
and third tests.

```shell
deno test --filter "/test-*\d/" tests/
```

_To let Deno know that you want to use a pattern, wrap your filter with
forward-slashes like the JavaScript syntactic sugar for a REGEX._

### Test definition filtering

Within the tests themselves, you have two options for filtering.

#### Filtering out (Ignoring these tests)

Sometimes you want to ignore tests based on some sort of condition (for example
you only want a test to run on Windows). For this you can use the `ignore`
boolean in the test definition. If it is set to true the test will be skipped.

```ts
Deno.test({
  name: "do macOS feature",
  ignore: Deno.build.os !== "darwin",
  fn() {
    doMacOSFeature();
  },
});
```

#### Filtering in (Only run these tests)

Sometimes you may be in the middle of a problem within a large test class and
you would like to focus on just that test and ignore the rest for now. For this
you can use the `only` option to tell the test framework to only run tests with
this set to true. Multiple tests can set this option. While the test run will
report on the success or failure of each test, the overall test run will always
fail if any test is flagged with `only`, as this is a temporary measure only
which disables nearly all of your tests.

```ts
Deno.test({
  name: "Focus on this test only",
  only: true,
  fn() {
    testComplicatedStuff();
  },
});
```

## Failing fast

If you have a long running test suite and wish for it to stop on the first
failure, you can specify the `--fail-fast` flag when running the suite.

```shell
deno test --fail-fast
```

## Test coverage

Deno will collect test coverage into a directory for your code if you specify
the `--coverage` flag when starting `deno test`.

This coverage information is acquired directly from the JavaScript engine (V8)
which is very accurate.

This can then be further processed from the internal format into well known
formats by the `deno coverage` tool.

```
# Go into your project's working directory
git clone https://github.com/oakserver/oak && cd oak

# Collect your coverage profile with deno test --coverage=<output_directory>
deno test --coverage=cov_profile --unstable

# From this you can get a pretty printed diff of uncovered lines
deno coverage --unstable cov_profile

# Or generate an lcov report
deno coverage --unstable cov_profile --lcov > cov_profile.lcov

# Which can then be further processed by tools like genhtml
genhtml -o cov_profile/html cov_profile.lcov
```

By default, `deno coverage` will exclude any files matching the regular
expression `test\.(js|mjs|ts|jsx|tsx)` and only consider including files
matching the regular expression `^file:`.

These filters can be overriden using the `--exclude` and `--include` flags. A
source file's url must match both regular expressions for it to be a part of the
report.