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denoland-deno/cli/inspector.rs
2020-09-14 23:49:12 -04:00

817 lines
25 KiB
Rust

// Copyright 2018-2020 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.
//! The documentation for the inspector API is sparse, but these are helpful:
//! https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/
//! https://hyperandroid.com/2020/02/12/v8-inspector-from-an-embedder-standpoint/
use core::convert::Infallible as Never; // Alias for the future `!` type.
use deno_core::v8;
use futures::channel::mpsc;
use futures::channel::mpsc::UnboundedReceiver;
use futures::channel::mpsc::UnboundedSender;
use futures::channel::oneshot;
use futures::future::Future;
use futures::prelude::*;
use futures::select;
use futures::stream::FuturesUnordered;
use futures::task;
use futures::task::Context;
use futures::task::Poll;
use serde_json::Value;
use std::cell::BorrowMutError;
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::ffi::c_void;
use std::mem::replace;
use std::mem::take;
use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use std::ops::Deref;
use std::ops::DerefMut;
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::process;
use std::ptr;
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::sync::Once;
use std::thread;
use uuid::Uuid;
use warp::filters::ws;
use warp::Filter;
struct InspectorServer {
host: SocketAddr,
register_inspector_tx: UnboundedSender<InspectorInfo>,
_thread_handle: thread::JoinHandle<()>,
}
impl InspectorServer {
/// Registers an Inspector instance with the inspector server. If the server
/// is not running yet, it'll be started first.
pub fn register_inspector(info: InspectorInfo) {
let self_ = Self::global(&info.host);
self_.register_inspector_tx.unbounded_send(info).unwrap();
}
/// Returns the global InspectorServer instance. If the server is not yet
/// running, this function starts it.
fn global(host: &SocketAddr) -> &'static InspectorServer {
let instance = unsafe {
static mut INSTANCE: Option<InspectorServer> = None;
static INIT: Once = Once::new();
INIT.call_once(|| {
INSTANCE.replace(Self::new(*host));
});
INSTANCE.as_ref().unwrap()
};
// We only start a single server, so all inspectors must bind to the same
// host:port combination.
assert_eq!(host, &instance.host);
instance
}
fn new(host: SocketAddr) -> Self {
let (register_inspector_tx, register_inspector_rx) =
mpsc::unbounded::<InspectorInfo>();
let thread_handle = thread::spawn(move || {
crate::tokio_util::run_basic(server(host, register_inspector_rx))
});
Self {
host,
register_inspector_tx,
_thread_handle: thread_handle,
}
}
}
/// Inspector information that is sent from the isolate thread to the server
/// thread when a new inspector is created.
struct InspectorInfo {
host: SocketAddr,
uuid: Uuid,
thread_name: Option<String>,
new_websocket_tx: UnboundedSender<WebSocketProxy>,
canary_rx: oneshot::Receiver<Never>,
}
impl InspectorInfo {
fn get_json_metadata(&self) -> Value {
json!({
"description": "deno",
"devtoolsFrontendUrl": self.get_frontend_url(),
"faviconUrl": "https://deno.land/favicon.ico",
"id": self.uuid.to_string(),
"title": self.get_title(),
"type": "deno",
// TODO(ry): "url": "file://",
"webSocketDebuggerUrl": self.get_websocket_debugger_url(),
})
}
fn get_websocket_debugger_url(&self) -> String {
format!("ws://{}/ws/{}", &self.host, &self.uuid)
}
fn get_frontend_url(&self) -> String {
format!(
"chrome-devtools://devtools/bundled/inspector.html?v8only=true&ws={}/ws/{}",
&self.host, &self.uuid
)
}
fn get_title(&self) -> String {
format!(
"[{}] deno{}",
process::id(),
self
.thread_name
.as_ref()
.map(|n| format!(" - {}", n))
.unwrap_or_default()
)
}
}
async fn server(
host: SocketAddr,
register_inspector_rx: UnboundedReceiver<InspectorInfo>,
) {
// When the main thread shuts down, The Rust stdlib will call `WSACleanup()`,
// which shuts down the network stack. This thread will still be
// running at that time (because it never exits), but all attempts at network
// I/O will fail with a `WSANOTINITIALIZED` error, which causes a panic.
// To prevent this from happening, Winsock is initialized another time here;
// this increases Winsock's internal reference count, so it won't shut
// itself down when the main thread calls `WSACleanup()` upon exit.
// TODO: When the last `Inspector` instance is dropped, make it signal the
// server thread so it exits cleanly, then join it with the main thread.
#[cfg(windows)]
unsafe {
use winapi::um::winsock2::{WSAStartup, WSADATA};
let mut wsa_data = MaybeUninit::<WSADATA>::zeroed();
let r = WSAStartup(0x202 /* Winsock 2.2 */, wsa_data.as_mut_ptr());
assert_eq!(r, 0);
}
// TODO: put the `inspector_map` in an `Rc<RefCell<_>>` instead. This is
// currently not possible because warp requires all filters to implement
// `Send`, which should not be necessary because we are using the
// single-threaded Tokio runtime.
let inspector_map = HashMap::<Uuid, InspectorInfo>::new();
let inspector_map = Arc::new(Mutex::new(inspector_map));
let inspector_map_ = inspector_map.clone();
let mut register_inspector_handler = register_inspector_rx
.map(|info| {
eprintln!(
"Debugger listening on {}",
info.get_websocket_debugger_url()
);
let mut g = inspector_map_.lock().unwrap();
if g.insert(info.uuid, info).is_some() {
panic!("Inspector UUID already in map");
}
})
.collect::<()>();
let inspector_map_ = inspector_map_.clone();
let mut deregister_inspector_handler = future::poll_fn(|cx| {
let mut g = inspector_map_.lock().unwrap();
g.retain(|_, info| info.canary_rx.poll_unpin(cx) == Poll::Pending);
Poll::<Never>::Pending
})
.fuse();
let inspector_map_ = inspector_map.clone();
let websocket_route = warp::path("ws")
.and(warp::path::param())
.and(warp::ws())
.and_then(move |uuid: String, ws: warp::ws::Ws| {
future::ready(
Uuid::parse_str(&uuid)
.ok()
.and_then(|uuid| {
let g = inspector_map_.lock().unwrap();
g.get(&uuid).map(|info| info.new_websocket_tx.clone()).map(
|new_websocket_tx| {
ws.on_upgrade(move |websocket| async move {
let (proxy, pump) = create_websocket_proxy(websocket);
let _ = new_websocket_tx.unbounded_send(proxy);
pump.await;
})
},
)
})
.ok_or_else(warp::reject::not_found),
)
});
let json_version_route = warp::path!("json" / "version").map(|| {
warp::reply::json(&json!({
"Browser": format!("Deno/{}", crate::version::DENO),
"Protocol-Version": "1.3",
"V8-Version": crate::version::v8(),
}))
});
let inspector_map_ = inspector_map.clone();
let json_list_route = warp::path("json").map(move || {
let g = inspector_map_.lock().unwrap();
let json_values = g
.values()
.map(|info| info.get_json_metadata())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
warp::reply::json(&json!(json_values))
});
let server_routes =
websocket_route.or(json_version_route).or(json_list_route);
let mut server_handler = warp::serve(server_routes)
.try_bind_ephemeral(host)
.map(|(_, fut)| fut)
.unwrap_or_else(|err| {
eprintln!("Cannot start inspector server: {}.", err);
process::exit(1);
})
.fuse();
select! {
_ = register_inspector_handler => (),
_ = deregister_inspector_handler => unreachable!(),
_ = server_handler => unreachable!(),
}
}
type WebSocketProxySender = UnboundedSender<ws::Message>;
type WebSocketProxyReceiver =
UnboundedReceiver<Result<ws::Message, warp::Error>>;
/// Encapsulates an UnboundedSender/UnboundedReceiver pair that together form
/// a duplex channel for sending/receiving websocket messages.
struct WebSocketProxy {
tx: WebSocketProxySender,
rx: WebSocketProxyReceiver,
}
impl WebSocketProxy {
pub fn split(self) -> (WebSocketProxySender, WebSocketProxyReceiver) {
(self.tx, self.rx)
}
}
/// Creates a future that proxies messages sent and received on a warp WebSocket
/// to a UnboundedSender/UnboundedReceiver pair. We need this to sidestep
/// Tokio's task budget, which causes issues when DenoInspector::poll_sessions()
/// needs to block the thread because JavaScript execution is paused.
///
/// This works because UnboundedSender/UnboundedReceiver are implemented in the
/// 'futures' crate, therefore they can't participate in Tokio's cooperative
/// task yielding.
///
/// A tuple is returned, where the first element is a duplex channel that can
/// be used to send/receive messages on the websocket, and the second element
/// is a future that does the forwarding.
fn create_websocket_proxy(
websocket: ws::WebSocket,
) -> (WebSocketProxy, impl Future<Output = ()> + Send) {
// The 'outbound' channel carries messages sent to the websocket.
let (outbound_tx, outbound_rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
// The 'inbound' channel carries messages received from the websocket.
let (inbound_tx, inbound_rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
let proxy = WebSocketProxy {
tx: outbound_tx,
rx: inbound_rx,
};
// The pump future takes care of forwarding messages between the websocket
// and channels. It resolves to () when either side disconnects, ignoring any
// errors.
let pump = async move {
let (websocket_tx, websocket_rx) = websocket.split();
let outbound_pump =
outbound_rx.map(Ok).forward(websocket_tx).map_err(|_| ());
let inbound_pump = websocket_rx
.map(|msg| inbound_tx.unbounded_send(msg))
.map_err(|_| ())
.try_collect::<()>();
let _ = future::try_join(outbound_pump, inbound_pump).await;
};
(proxy, pump)
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
enum PollState {
Idle,
Woken,
Polling,
Parked,
Dropped,
}
pub struct DenoInspector {
v8_inspector_client: v8::inspector::V8InspectorClientBase,
v8_inspector: v8::UniqueRef<v8::inspector::V8Inspector>,
sessions: RefCell<InspectorSessions>,
flags: RefCell<InspectorFlags>,
waker: Arc<InspectorWaker>,
_canary_tx: oneshot::Sender<Never>,
pub debugger_url: String,
}
impl Deref for DenoInspector {
type Target = v8::inspector::V8Inspector;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
&self.v8_inspector
}
}
impl DerefMut for DenoInspector {
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
&mut self.v8_inspector
}
}
impl Drop for DenoInspector {
fn drop(&mut self) {
// Since the waker is cloneable, it might outlive the inspector itself.
// Set the poll state to 'dropped' so it doesn't attempt to request an
// interrupt from the isolate.
self.waker.update(|w| w.poll_state = PollState::Dropped);
// V8 automatically deletes all sessions when an Inspector instance is
// deleted, however InspectorSession also has a drop handler that cleans
// up after itself. To avoid a double free, make sure the inspector is
// dropped last.
take(&mut *self.sessions.borrow_mut());
}
}
impl v8::inspector::V8InspectorClientImpl for DenoInspector {
fn base(&self) -> &v8::inspector::V8InspectorClientBase {
&self.v8_inspector_client
}
fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut v8::inspector::V8InspectorClientBase {
&mut self.v8_inspector_client
}
fn run_message_loop_on_pause(&mut self, context_group_id: i32) {
assert_eq!(context_group_id, DenoInspectorSession::CONTEXT_GROUP_ID);
self.flags.borrow_mut().on_pause = true;
let _ = self.poll_sessions(None);
}
fn quit_message_loop_on_pause(&mut self) {
self.flags.borrow_mut().on_pause = false;
}
fn run_if_waiting_for_debugger(&mut self, context_group_id: i32) {
assert_eq!(context_group_id, DenoInspectorSession::CONTEXT_GROUP_ID);
self.flags.borrow_mut().session_handshake_done = true;
}
}
/// DenoInspector implements a Future so that it can poll for new incoming
/// connections and messages from the WebSocket server. The Worker that owns
/// this DenoInspector will call our poll function from Worker::poll().
impl Future for DenoInspector {
type Output = ();
fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<()> {
self.poll_sessions(Some(cx)).unwrap()
}
}
impl DenoInspector {
const CONTEXT_GROUP_ID: i32 = 1;
pub fn new(
isolate: &mut deno_core::JsRuntime,
host: SocketAddr,
) -> Box<Self> {
let context = isolate.global_context();
let scope = &mut v8::HandleScope::new(&mut **isolate);
let (new_websocket_tx, new_websocket_rx) =
mpsc::unbounded::<WebSocketProxy>();
let (canary_tx, canary_rx) = oneshot::channel::<Never>();
let info = InspectorInfo {
host,
uuid: Uuid::new_v4(),
thread_name: thread::current().name().map(|n| n.to_owned()),
new_websocket_tx,
canary_rx,
};
// Create DenoInspector instance.
let mut self_ = new_box_with(|self_ptr| {
let v8_inspector_client =
v8::inspector::V8InspectorClientBase::new::<Self>();
let v8_inspector =
v8::inspector::V8Inspector::create(scope, unsafe { &mut *self_ptr });
let sessions = InspectorSessions::new(self_ptr, new_websocket_rx);
let flags = InspectorFlags::new();
let waker = InspectorWaker::new(scope.thread_safe_handle());
Self {
v8_inspector_client,
v8_inspector,
sessions,
flags,
waker,
_canary_tx: canary_tx,
debugger_url: info.get_websocket_debugger_url(),
}
});
// Tell the inspector about the global context.
let context = v8::Local::new(scope, context);
let context_name = v8::inspector::StringView::from(&b"global context"[..]);
self_.context_created(context, Self::CONTEXT_GROUP_ID, context_name);
// Register this inspector with the server thread.
InspectorServer::register_inspector(info);
// Poll the session handler so we will get notified whenever there is
// new_incoming debugger activity.
let _ = self_.poll_sessions(None).unwrap();
self_
}
fn poll_sessions(
&self,
mut invoker_cx: Option<&mut Context>,
) -> Result<Poll<()>, BorrowMutError> {
// The futures this function uses do not have re-entrant poll() functions.
// However it is can happpen that poll_sessions() gets re-entered, e.g.
// when an interrupt request is honored while the inspector future is polled
// by the task executor. We let the caller know by returning some error.
let mut sessions = self.sessions.try_borrow_mut()?;
self.waker.update(|w| {
match w.poll_state {
PollState::Idle | PollState::Woken => w.poll_state = PollState::Polling,
_ => unreachable!(),
};
});
// Create a new Context object that will make downstream futures
// use the InspectorWaker when they are ready to be polled again.
let waker_ref = task::waker_ref(&self.waker);
let cx = &mut Context::from_waker(&waker_ref);
loop {
loop {
// Do one "handshake" with a newly connected session at a time.
if let Some(session) = &mut sessions.handshake {
let poll_result = session.poll_unpin(cx);
let handshake_done =
replace(&mut self.flags.borrow_mut().session_handshake_done, false);
match poll_result {
Poll::Pending if handshake_done => {
let session = sessions.handshake.take().unwrap();
sessions.established.push(session);
take(&mut self.flags.borrow_mut().waiting_for_session);
}
Poll::Ready(_) => sessions.handshake = None,
Poll::Pending => break,
};
}
// Accept new connections.
match sessions.new_incoming.poll_next_unpin(cx) {
Poll::Ready(Some(session)) => {
let prev = sessions.handshake.replace(session);
assert!(prev.is_none());
continue;
}
Poll::Ready(None) => {}
Poll::Pending => {}
}
// Poll established sessions.
match sessions.established.poll_next_unpin(cx) {
Poll::Ready(Some(_)) => continue,
Poll::Ready(None) => break,
Poll::Pending => break,
};
}
let should_block = sessions.handshake.is_some()
|| self.flags.borrow().on_pause
|| self.flags.borrow().waiting_for_session;
let new_state = self.waker.update(|w| {
match w.poll_state {
PollState::Woken => {
// The inspector was woken while the session handler was being
// polled, so we poll it another time.
w.poll_state = PollState::Polling;
}
PollState::Polling if !should_block => {
// The session handler doesn't need to be polled any longer, and
// there's no reason to block (execution is not paused), so this
// function is about to return.
w.poll_state = PollState::Idle;
// Register the task waker that can be used to wake the parent
// task that will poll the inspector future.
if let Some(cx) = invoker_cx.take() {
w.task_waker.replace(cx.waker().clone());
}
// Register the address of the inspector, which allows the waker
// to request an interrupt from the isolate.
w.inspector_ptr = NonNull::new(self as *const _ as *mut Self);
}
PollState::Polling if should_block => {
// Isolate execution has been paused but there are no more
// events to process, so this thread will be parked. Therefore,
// store the current thread handle in the waker so it knows
// which thread to unpark when new events arrive.
w.poll_state = PollState::Parked;
w.parked_thread.replace(thread::current());
}
_ => unreachable!(),
};
w.poll_state
});
match new_state {
PollState::Idle => break Ok(Poll::Pending), // Yield to task.
PollState::Polling => {} // Poll the session handler again.
PollState::Parked => thread::park(), // Park the thread.
_ => unreachable!(),
};
}
}
/// This function blocks the thread until at least one inspector client has
/// established a websocket connection and successfully completed the
/// handshake. After that, it instructs V8 to pause at the next statement.
pub fn wait_for_session_and_break_on_next_statement(&mut self) {
loop {
match self.sessions.get_mut().established.iter_mut().next() {
Some(session) => break session.break_on_next_statement(),
None => {
self.flags.get_mut().waiting_for_session = true;
let _ = self.poll_sessions(None).unwrap();
}
};
}
}
}
#[derive(Default)]
struct InspectorFlags {
waiting_for_session: bool,
session_handshake_done: bool,
on_pause: bool,
}
impl InspectorFlags {
fn new() -> RefCell<Self> {
let self_ = Self::default();
RefCell::new(self_)
}
}
struct InspectorSessions {
new_incoming:
Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = Box<DenoInspectorSession>> + 'static>>,
handshake: Option<Box<DenoInspectorSession>>,
established: FuturesUnordered<Box<DenoInspectorSession>>,
}
impl InspectorSessions {
fn new(
inspector_ptr: *mut DenoInspector,
new_websocket_rx: UnboundedReceiver<WebSocketProxy>,
) -> RefCell<Self> {
let new_incoming = new_websocket_rx
.map(move |websocket| DenoInspectorSession::new(inspector_ptr, websocket))
.boxed_local();
let self_ = Self {
new_incoming,
..Default::default()
};
RefCell::new(self_)
}
}
impl Default for InspectorSessions {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
new_incoming: stream::empty().boxed_local(),
handshake: None,
established: FuturesUnordered::new(),
}
}
}
struct InspectorWakerInner {
poll_state: PollState,
task_waker: Option<task::Waker>,
parked_thread: Option<thread::Thread>,
inspector_ptr: Option<NonNull<DenoInspector>>,
isolate_handle: v8::IsolateHandle,
}
unsafe impl Send for InspectorWakerInner {}
struct InspectorWaker(Mutex<InspectorWakerInner>);
impl InspectorWaker {
fn new(isolate_handle: v8::IsolateHandle) -> Arc<Self> {
let inner = InspectorWakerInner {
poll_state: PollState::Idle,
task_waker: None,
parked_thread: None,
inspector_ptr: None,
isolate_handle,
};
Arc::new(Self(Mutex::new(inner)))
}
fn update<F, R>(&self, update_fn: F) -> R
where
F: FnOnce(&mut InspectorWakerInner) -> R,
{
let mut g = self.0.lock().unwrap();
update_fn(&mut g)
}
}
impl task::ArcWake for InspectorWaker {
fn wake_by_ref(arc_self: &Arc<Self>) {
arc_self.update(|w| {
match w.poll_state {
PollState::Idle => {
// Wake the task, if any, that has polled the Inspector future last.
if let Some(waker) = w.task_waker.take() {
waker.wake()
}
// Request an interrupt from the isolate if it's running and there's
// not unhandled interrupt request in flight.
if let Some(arg) = w
.inspector_ptr
.take()
.map(|ptr| ptr.as_ptr() as *mut c_void)
{
w.isolate_handle.request_interrupt(handle_interrupt, arg);
}
extern "C" fn handle_interrupt(
_isolate: &mut v8::Isolate,
arg: *mut c_void,
) {
let inspector = unsafe { &*(arg as *mut DenoInspector) };
let _ = inspector.poll_sessions(None);
}
}
PollState::Parked => {
// Unpark the isolate thread.
let parked_thread = w.parked_thread.take().unwrap();
assert_ne!(parked_thread.id(), thread::current().id());
parked_thread.unpark();
}
_ => {}
};
w.poll_state = PollState::Woken;
});
}
}
struct DenoInspectorSession {
v8_channel: v8::inspector::ChannelBase,
v8_session: v8::UniqueRef<v8::inspector::V8InspectorSession>,
websocket_tx: WebSocketProxySender,
websocket_rx_handler: Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'static>>,
}
impl Deref for DenoInspectorSession {
type Target = v8::inspector::V8InspectorSession;
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
&self.v8_session
}
}
impl DerefMut for DenoInspectorSession {
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
&mut self.v8_session
}
}
impl DenoInspectorSession {
const CONTEXT_GROUP_ID: i32 = 1;
pub fn new(
inspector_ptr: *mut DenoInspector,
websocket: WebSocketProxy,
) -> Box<Self> {
new_box_with(move |self_ptr| {
let v8_channel = v8::inspector::ChannelBase::new::<Self>();
let v8_session = unsafe { &mut *inspector_ptr }.connect(
Self::CONTEXT_GROUP_ID,
// Todo(piscisaureus): V8Inspector::connect() should require that
// the 'v8_channel' argument cannot move.
unsafe { &mut *self_ptr },
v8::inspector::StringView::empty(),
);
let (websocket_tx, websocket_rx) = websocket.split();
let websocket_rx_handler =
Self::receive_from_websocket(self_ptr, websocket_rx);
Self {
v8_channel,
v8_session,
websocket_tx,
websocket_rx_handler,
}
})
}
/// Returns a future that receives messages from the websocket and dispatches
/// them to the V8 session.
fn receive_from_websocket(
self_ptr: *mut Self,
websocket_rx: WebSocketProxyReceiver,
) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'static>> {
async move {
eprintln!("Debugger session started.");
let result = websocket_rx
.map_ok(move |msg| {
let msg = msg.as_bytes();
let msg = v8::inspector::StringView::from(msg);
unsafe { &mut *self_ptr }.dispatch_protocol_message(msg);
})
.try_collect::<()>()
.await;
match result {
Ok(_) => eprintln!("Debugger session ended."),
Err(err) => eprintln!("Debugger session ended: {}.", err),
};
}
.boxed_local()
}
fn send_to_websocket(&self, msg: v8::UniquePtr<v8::inspector::StringBuffer>) {
let msg = msg.unwrap().string().to_string();
let msg = ws::Message::text(msg);
let _ = self.websocket_tx.unbounded_send(msg);
}
pub fn break_on_next_statement(&mut self) {
let reason = v8::inspector::StringView::from(&b"debugCommand"[..]);
let detail = v8::inspector::StringView::empty();
self.schedule_pause_on_next_statement(reason, detail);
}
}
impl v8::inspector::ChannelImpl for DenoInspectorSession {
fn base(&self) -> &v8::inspector::ChannelBase {
&self.v8_channel
}
fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut v8::inspector::ChannelBase {
&mut self.v8_channel
}
fn send_response(
&mut self,
_call_id: i32,
message: v8::UniquePtr<v8::inspector::StringBuffer>,
) {
self.send_to_websocket(message);
}
fn send_notification(
&mut self,
message: v8::UniquePtr<v8::inspector::StringBuffer>,
) {
self.send_to_websocket(message);
}
fn flush_protocol_notifications(&mut self) {}
}
impl Future for DenoInspectorSession {
type Output = ();
fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
self.websocket_rx_handler.poll_unpin(cx)
}
}
fn new_box_with<T>(new_fn: impl FnOnce(*mut T) -> T) -> Box<T> {
let b = Box::new(MaybeUninit::<T>::uninit());
let p = Box::into_raw(b) as *mut T;
unsafe { ptr::write(p, new_fn(p)) };
unsafe { Box::from_raw(p) }
}