The Gitea release candidates are suffixed with **-rcN** which is handled as a special case for packaging: although **X.Y.Z** is lexicographically lower than **X.Y.Z-rc1** is is considered greater. The Forgejo serial number must therefore be inserted before the **-rcN** suffix to preserve the expected version ordering.
Because Forgejo depends on Gitea, it must retain the same release numbering scheme to be compatible with libraries and tools that depend on it. For instance, the tea CLI or the Gitea SDK will behave differently depending on the server version they connect to. If Forgejo had a different numbering scheme, it would no longer be compatible with the Gitea ecosystem.
From a [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/) standpoint, all Forgejo releases are [pre-releases](https://semver.org/#spec-item-9) because they are suffixed with a dash. They are syntactically correct but do not comply with the Semantic Versioning recommendations. Gitea is not compliant either and Forgejo inherits this problem.
- Push the vX.Y.Z-N tag to https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration/forgejo to trigger a workflow that will publish the release in https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental/forgejo
- Give it some time for people to try it out
- Push the vX.Y.Z-N tag to https://forgejo.octopuce.forgejo.org/forgejo-release/forgejo to trigger a workflow that will sign the release from https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental/forgejo and publish it in https://codeberg.org/forgejo-release/forgejo
- Create a `Forgejo vX.X.Z-N` milestone set to the date of the release
- Create an issue named `[RELEASE] Forgejo vX.Y.Z-N` with a description that includes a list of what needs to be done for the release with links to follow the progress
- Set the milestone of this issue to `Forgejo vX.X.Z-N`
- Close the milestone when the release is complete
The vX.Y/forgejo branch is populated as part of the [rebase on top of Gitea](WORKFLOW.md). The release happens in between rebase and it is worth checking if the matching Gitea branch, release/vX.Y contains commits that should be included in the release.
When Forgejo is released, artefacts (packages, binaries, etc.) are first published by the CI/CD pipelines in the https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental organization, to be downloaded and verified to work.
If the release is successfully built, it will be copied to https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo-experimental. Otherwise the logs of the workflow that tried to build the release in https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration/forgejo/actions contains the error that needs fixing.
Fork the Forgejo [infrastructure](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/infrastructure) repository, [modify it](https://code.forgejo.org/earl-warren/infrastructure/commit/269eae6c3a17005ad9d825d747745da041d69756) to use the experimental release and push the branch. It will trigger [a workflow](https://code.forgejo.org/earl-warren/infrastructure/src/branch/wip-forgejo/.forgejo/workflows/forgejo.yml) to deploy the release and run high level integration tests.
Reach out to packagers and users to manually verify the release works as expected.
- Push the vX.Y.Z-N tag to https://codeberg.org/forgejo/runner
The release is built from https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration/runner which is a mirror of https://codeberg.org/forgejo/runner.
- Binaries are downloaded from https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration, signed and copied to https://codeberg.org/forgejo
- Container images are copied from https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration to https://codeberg.org/forgejo
### Securing the release token and cryptographic keys
For both the Forgejo runner and Forgejo itself, copying and signing the release artifacts (container images and binaries) happen on a Forgejo isntance running [behind a VPN](https://forgejo.org/docs/next/developer/infrastructure/#octopuce) to safeguard the token that has write access to the Forgejo repository as well as the cryptographic key used to sign the releases.
- Restart the last CI build at https://codeberg.org/forgejo/website/src/branch/main/
- Verify https://forgejo.org/download/ points to the expected release
- Update the [documentation link to the latest version](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/website/src/commit/e63c6f8ab64876b10b86de1d18162b6ccb87bd99/.woodpecker.yml#L35)
The following toot can be re-used to announce a minor release at `https://floss.social/@forgejo`. For more significant releases it is best to consider a dedicated and non-standard toot.
```
#Forgejo vX.Y.Z-N was just released! This is a minor patch. Check out the release notes and download it at https://forgejo.org/releases/. If you experience any issues with this release, please report to https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/issues.
```
## Release signing keys management
A GPG master key with no expiration date is created and shared with members of the Owners team via encrypted email. A subkey with a one year expiration date is created and stored in the secrets repository, to be used by the CI pipeline. The public master key is stored in the secrets repository and published where relevant.
The [release-team](https://codeberg.org/release-team) user publishes and signs all releases. The associated email is mailto:release@forgejo.org.
The public GPG key used to sign the releases is [EB114F5E6C0DC2BCDD183550A4B61A2DC5923710](https://codeberg.org/release-team.gpg) `Forgejo Releases <release@forgejo.org>`
### Shared user: forgejo-ci
The [forgejo-ci](https://codeberg.org/forgejo-ci) user is dedicated to https://forgejo-ci.codeberg.org/ and provides it with OAuth2 credentials it uses to run.
### Shared user: forgejo-experimental-ci
The [forgejo-experimental-ci](https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental-ci) user is dedicated to provide the application tokens used by Woodpecker CI repositories to build releases and publish them to https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental. It does not (and must not) have permission to publish releases at https://codeberg.org/forgejo.
The https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration organization is dedicated to integration testing. Its purpose is to ensure all artefacts can effectively be published and retrieved by the CI/CD pipelines.
The https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental organization is dedicated to publishing experimental Forgejo releases. They are copied from the https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration organization.
The `forgejo-experimental-ci` user as well as all Forgejo contributors working on the CI/CD pipeline should be owners of both organizations.
The https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration/forgejo repository is coupled with a Woodpecker CI repository configured with the credentials provided by the https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental-ci user. It runs the pipelines found in `releases/woodpecker-build/*.yml` which builds and publishes an unsigned release in https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration.
### Experimental and release repositories
The https://codeberg.org/forgejo/experimental private repository is coupled with a Woodpecker CI repository configured with the credentials provided by the https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental-ci user. It runs the pipelines found in `releases/woodpecker-publish/*.yml` which signs and copies a release from https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration into https://codeberg.org/forgejo-experimental.
The https://codeberg.org/forgejo/release private repository is coupled with a Woodpecker CI repository configured with the credentials provided by the https://codeberg.org/release-team user. It runs the pipelines found in `releases/woodpecker-publish/*.yml` which signs and copies a release from https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration into https://codeberg.org/forgejo.
