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admin: installation: remote data folder (#193)
Documentation proposal for remote data mounting, following up from https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/issues/1590 Co-authored-by: Daniel Bischof <daniel.bischof@protonmail.com> Reviewed-on: https://codeberg.org/forgejo/docs/pulls/193 Reviewed-by: Earl Warren <earl-warren@noreply.codeberg.org> Co-authored-by: dbischof90 <dbischof90@noreply.codeberg.org> Co-committed-by: dbischof90 <dbischof90@noreply.codeberg.org>
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@ -146,6 +146,109 @@ services:
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+ - ./postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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```
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### Hosting repository data on remote storage systems
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You might also mount the data and repository folders on a remote drive such as a
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network-attached storage system. While there are a multitude of possible solutions,
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we will focus on a somewhat minimal setup with NFS here and explain what
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measures have to be taken in general so that the administrators can adapt this to
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their individual setup.
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We begin to describe a possible setup and will try to highlight all important aspects which
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the administrator will have to consider if a different hosting environment is present.
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An important assumption for the Forgejo image to make is to own the folders it writes into
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and reads from. This is naturally an issue since file-system permissions are a machine-local
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concept and don't translate over the network easily.
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We assume that a server with the hostname `server` is accessible which has a folder `/respositories`
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shared via NFS. Append an entry to your `/etc/exports` like
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```shell
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[...]
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/repositories *(rw,sync,all_squash,ec=sys,anonuid=1024,anongid=100)
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```
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Four aspects to consider:
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- The folder is mounted as `rw`, meaning clients can both read and write in the folder.
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- The folder is mounted as `sync`. This is NFS-specific but means that transactions block until they are finished. This is
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not essential but increases the robustness against file corruption
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- The `all_squash` setting maps all file accesses to an anonymous user, meaning that both the files of a user with the UID of `1050`
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and `1051` are mapped to a single `UID` on the server.
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- We set these anonymous (G/U)ID to explicit values on the server with `anonuid=1024,anongid=100`. Hence all files will be owned by
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a user with the UID `1024`, belonging to a group `100`. Make sure the UID is available and a group with that ID is present.
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Effectively we are now able to write and create files and folders on the remote share. With the `all_squash` setting, we map
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all users to one user, hence all data writable by one user is writable by all users, implying all files have a `drwxrwxrwx`
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setting (abreviated "`0777` permissions"). We can also "fake-own" data, since all `chown` calls are now mapped to the anonymous user. This is an
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important behaviour.
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We now mount this folder on the `client` which will host Forgejo to a folder `/mnt/repositories`...
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```shell
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# mount -o hard,timeo=10,retry=10,vers=4.1 server:/repositories /mnt/repositories/
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```
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... and create two folders
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```shell
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$ mkdir conf
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$ mkdir data
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```
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To consider in the client setup is the `hard` setting, blocking all file operations if the share is not available.
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This prevents state changes in the repository which could potentially corrupt the repository data and is an NFS-specific setting.
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To circumvent this, you can use the
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We will use the `rootless` image, which hosts the `ssh` server for Forgejo embedded. A possible entry for a `docker-compose` file
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would look like this (shown as a `diff like` view to the example shown [in our initial example](#installation-with-docker)):
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```yaml
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version: "3"
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networks:
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forgejo:
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external: false
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services:
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server:
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- image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.20
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+ image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.20-rootless
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container_name: forgejo
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environment:
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+ - USER_UID=1024
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+ - USER_GID=100
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- - USER_UID=1000
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- - USER_GID=1000
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restart: always
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networks:
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- forgejo
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volumes:
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- - ./forgejo:/var/lib/gitea
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+ - /mnt/repositories/data:/var/lib/gitea
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+ - /mnt/repositories/conf:/etc/gitea
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- /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
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- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
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ports:
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- "3000:3000"
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- "222:22"
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```
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This will write the configuration into our created `conf` folder and all other data into the `data` folder.
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Make sure that `USER_UID` and `USER_GID` match the `anonuid` and `anongid` setting
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in the NFS server setting here such that the Forgejo user sees files and folders with the same UID and GID
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in the respective folders and thus identifies itself as the sole owner of the folder structure.
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Using the `rootless` image here solves another problem resulting from the file-system ownership issue.
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If we create ssh keys on the `client` image and save them on the `server`, they too will have `0777` permissions, which is prohibited by `openssh`.
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It is important for all involved tools that these files not be writable by just anybody with a login, so you would get you an error if you try to use them.
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Changing permissions will also not succeed through the chosen `all_squash` setup, which was necessary to allow a correct ownership
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mechanic on the server. To resolve this, we consider the `rootless` image, which embeds the `ssh` server, circumventing the problem entirely.
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Note that this is a comparatively simple setup which does not necessarily reflect the reality of your network.
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User mapping and ownership could theoretically be streamlined better with Kerberos, which is however out of scope
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for this guide.
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## Installation from binary
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### Install Forgejo and git, create git user
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@ -163,7 +266,7 @@ and make it executable:
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`# cp forgejo-1.20.5-0-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/forgejo`
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`# chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/forgejo`
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Make sure `git` and `git-lfs` are installed:
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Make sure `git` and `git-lfs` are installed:
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`# apt install git git-lfs`
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Create a user `git` on the system. Forgejo will run as that user, and when accessing git through ssh
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@ -190,12 +293,12 @@ like Fedora, CentOS etc.), run this instead:
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Now create the directories Forgejo will use and set access rights appropriately:
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`# mkdir /var/lib/forgejo`
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`# chown git:git /var/lib/forgejo && chmod 750 /var/lib/forgejo`
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`# mkdir /var/lib/forgejo`
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`# chown git:git /var/lib/forgejo && chmod 750 /var/lib/forgejo`
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_This is the directory Forgejo will store its data in, including your git repos._
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`# mkdir /etc/forgejo`
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`# chown root:git /etc/forgejo && chmod 770 /etc/forgejo`
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`# mkdir /etc/forgejo`
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`# chown root:git /etc/forgejo && chmod 770 /etc/forgejo`
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_This is the directory Forgejo's config, called `app.ini`, is stored in. Initially it needs to
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be writable by Forgejo, but after the installation you can make it read-only for Forgejo because
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then it shouldn't modify it anymore._
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@ -214,15 +317,15 @@ setup instructions.
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Forgejo provides a
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[systemd service script](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/src/branch/forgejo/contrib/systemd/forgejo.service).
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Download it to the correct location:
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Download it to the correct location:
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`# wget -O /etc/systemd/system/forgejo.service https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/raw/branch/forgejo/contrib/systemd/forgejo.service`
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If you're _not_ using sqlite, but MySQL or MariaDB or PostgreSQL, you'll have to edit that file
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(`/etc/systemd/system/forgejo.service`) and uncomment the corresponding `Wants=` and `After=` lines.
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Otherwise it _should_ work as it is.
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Now enable and start the Forgejo service, so you can go on with the installation:
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`# systemctl enable forgejo.service`
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Now enable and start the Forgejo service, so you can go on with the installation:
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`# systemctl enable forgejo.service`
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`# systemctl start forgejo.service`
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### Forgejos web-based configuration
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If it doesn't work:
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- Make sure the forgejo service started successfully by checking the output of
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`# systemctl status forgejo.service`
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If that indicates an error but the log lines underneath are too incomplete to tell what caused it,
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`# journalctl -n 100 --unit forgejo.service`
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- Make sure the forgejo service started successfully by checking the output of
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`# systemctl status forgejo.service`
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If that indicates an error but the log lines underneath are too incomplete to tell what caused it,
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`# journalctl -n 100 --unit forgejo.service`
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will print the last 100 lines logged by Forgejo.
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You should be greeted by Forgejo's "Initial Configuration" screen.
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@ -258,11 +361,11 @@ So far, so good, but we're not quite done yet - some manual configuration in the
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### Further configuration in Forgejo's app.ini
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Stop the forgejo service:
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Stop the forgejo service:
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`# systemctl stop forgejo.service`
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While at it, make `/etc/forgejo/` and the `app.ini` read-only for the git user (Forgejo doesn't
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write to it after the initial configuration):
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write to it after the initial configuration):
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`# chmod 750 /etc/forgejo && chmod 640 /etc/forgejo/app.ini`
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Now (as root) edit `/etc/forgejo/app.ini`
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- By default **LFS data uploads expire** after 20 minutes - this can be too short for big files,
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slow connections or slow LFS storage (git-lfs seems to automatically restart the upload then -
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which means that it can take forever and use lots of traffic)..
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which means that it can take forever and use lots of traffic)..
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If you're going to use LFS with big uploads, increase thus limit, by adding a line
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`LFS_HTTP_AUTH_EXPIRY = 180m` (for 180 minutes) to the `[server]` section.
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- Similarly there are timeouts for all kinds of git operations, that can be too short.
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- Similarly there are timeouts for all kinds of git operations, that can be too short.
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Increasing all those git timeouts by adding a `[git.timeout]` section
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below the `[server]` section:
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```ini
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HTTP_PORT = 80
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```
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When you're done editing the app.ini, save it and start the forgejo service again:
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When you're done editing the app.ini, save it and start the forgejo service again:
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`# systemctl start forgejo.service`
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You can test sending a mail by clicking the user button on the upper right of the Forgejo page
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- You need to specify the path to the config (app.ini) with `--config /etc/forgejo/app.ini`
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(or `-c /etc/forgejo/app.ini`).
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So all in all your command might look like:
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So all in all your command might look like:
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`$ sudo -u git forgejo -w /var/lib/forgejo -c /etc/forgejo/app.ini admin user list`
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> **_For convenience_**, you could create a `/usr/local/bin/forgejo.sh` with the following contents:
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> sudo -u git forgejo -w /var/lib/forgejo -c /etc/forgejo/app.ini "$@"
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> ```
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>
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> and make it executable:
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> and make it executable:
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> `# chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/forgejo.sh`
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>
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> Now if you want to call `forgejo` on the commandline (for the default system-wide installation
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@ -378,8 +481,8 @@ So all in all your command might look like:
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> line shown above.
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You can always call forgejo and its subcommands with `-h` or `--help` to make it output usage
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information like available options and (sub)commands, for example
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`$ forgejo admin user -h`
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information like available options and (sub)commands, for example
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`$ forgejo admin user -h`
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to show available subcommands to administrate users on the commandline.
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## Installation from package
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