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docs: installation manual

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admin/index.md
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@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ title: 'Forgejo administrator guide'
These documents are targeted to people who run Forgejo on their machines.
- [Seek Assistance](seek-assistance)
- [Installation](installation)
- [Database Preparation](database-preparation)
- [Configuration Cheat Sheet](config-cheat-sheet)
- [Upgrade guide](upgrade)

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---
layout: '~/layouts/Markdown.astro'
title: 'Installation'
license: 'CC-BY-SA-4.0'
origin_url: 'https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/'
---
# Installation with Docker
Forgejo provides [container images](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/-/packages/container/forgejo/versions) for use with Docker or other containerization tools.
```shell
docker pull codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.19.3-0
```
The **1.19** tag is set to be the latest patch release, starting with [1.19.0-2](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/-/packages/container/forgejo/1.19.0-2). **1.19** will then be equal to **1.19.1-0** when it is released and so on.
Upgrading from **1.X** to **1.X+1** (for instance from **1.18** to **1.19**) requires a [manual operation and human verification](upgrade). However it is possible to use the **X.Y** tag (for instance **1.19**) to get the latest point release automatically.
Here is a sample [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) file:
```yaml
version: '3'
networks:
forgejo:
external: false
services:
server:
image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.19
container_name: forgejo
environment:
- USER_UID=1000
- USER_GID=1000
restart: always
networks:
- forgejo
volumes:
- ./forgejo:/data
- /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
ports:
- '3000:3000'
- '222:22'
```
Note that the volume should be owned by the user/group with the UID/GID specified in the config file.
If you don't give the volume correct permissions, the container may not start.
# Databases
## MySQL database
```yaml
version: "3"
networks:
forgejo:
external: false
services:
server:
image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.19
container_name: forgejo
environment:
- USER_UID=1000
- USER_GID=1000
+ - FORGEJO__database__DB_TYPE=mysql
+ - FORGEJO__database__HOST=db:3306
+ - FORGEJO__database__NAME=forgejo
+ - FORGEJO__database__USER=forgejo
+ - FORGEJO__database__PASSWD=forgejo
restart: always
networks:
- forgejo
volumes:
- ./forgejo:/data
- /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
ports:
- "3000:3000"
- "222:22"
+ depends_on:
+ - db
+
+ db:
+ image: mysql:8
+ restart: always
+ environment:
+ - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=forgejo
+ - MYSQL_USER=forgejo
+ - MYSQL_PASSWORD=forgejo
+ - MYSQL_DATABASE=forgejo
+ networks:
+ - forgejo
+ volumes:
+ - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql
```
## PostgreSQL database
```yaml
version: "3"
networks:
forgejo:
external: false
services:
server:
image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.19
container_name: forgejo
environment:
- USER_UID=1000
- USER_GID=1000
+ - FORGEJO__database__DB_TYPE=postgres
+ - FORGEJO__database__HOST=db:5432
+ - FORGEJO__database__NAME=forgejo
+ - FORGEJO__database__USER=forgejo
+ - FORGEJO__database__PASSWD=forgejo
restart: always
networks:
- forgejo
volumes:
- ./forgejo:/data
- /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
ports:
- "3000:3000"
- "222:22"
+ depends_on:
+ - db
+
+ db:
+ image: postgres:14
+ restart: always
+ environment:
+ - POSTGRES_USER=forgejo
+ - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=forgejo
+ - POSTGRES_DB=forgejo
+ networks:
+ - forgejo
+ volumes:
+ - ./postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data
```
# Installation from binary
## Install Forgejo and git, create git user
First, download the Forgejo binary for your CPU architecture and maybe verify the GPG signature, as described on [the Forgejo download page](https://forgejo.org/download/).
Next, copy the downloaded Forgejo binary to `/usr/local/bin/` (renaming it to just “forgejo”) and make it executable:
`# cp forgejo-1.19.3-0-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/forgejo`
`# chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/forgejo`
Make sure `git` and `git-lfs` are installed:
`# apt install git git-lfs`
Create a user `git` on the system. Forgejo will run as that user, and when accessing git through ssh (which is the default), this user is part of the URL _(for example in `git clone git@git.example.lan:YourOrg/YourRepo.git` the `git` before the `@` is the user you’ll create now)._
On **Debian, Ubuntu** and their derivates that’s done with:
```
# adduser --system --shell /bin/bash --gecos 'Git Version Control' \
--group --disabled-password --home /home/git git
```
On **Linux distributions not based on Debian/Ubuntu** (this should at least work with Red Hat derivates like Fedora, CentOS etc - _feel free to leave a comment about other distros!_), run this instead:
```
# groupadd --system git
# adduser --system --shell /bin/bash --comment 'Git Version Control' \
--gid git --home-dir /home/git --create-home git
```
## [# ](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#create-directories-forgejo-will-use)Create directories Forgejo will use
Now create the directories Forgejo will use and set access rights appropriately:
`# mkdir /var/lib/forgejo`
`# chown git:git /var/lib/forgejo && chmod 750 /var/lib/forgejo`
_This is the directory Forgejo will store its data in, including your git repos._
`# mkdir /etc/forgejo`
`# chown root:git /etc/forgejo && chmod 770 /etc/forgejo`
_This is the directory Forgejos config, called `app.ini`, is stored in. Initially it needs to be writable by Forgejo, but after the installation you can make it read-only for Forgejo because then it shouldn’t modify it anymore._
## [# ](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#optional-set-up-database)Optional: Set up database
When using sqlite as Forgejos database, nothing needs to be done here.
If you need a more powerful database, you can use MySQL/MariaDB or PostgreSQL (apparently sqlite is good enough for at least 10 users, but might even suffice for more[2](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#fn:2) - and I read it’s not too hard to migrate the database from sqlite to something else later).
See [Forgejos Database Preparation guide](https://forgejo.org/docs/latest/admin/database-preparation/) for setup instructions.
## [# ](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#install-systemd-service-for-forgejo)Install systemd service for Forgejo
Forgejo provides a [systemd service script](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/src/branch/forgejo/contrib/systemd/forgejo.service). Download it to the correct location:
`# wget -O /etc/systemd/system/forgejo.service
https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/raw/branch/forgejo/contrib/systemd/forgejo.service`
If you’re _not_ using sqlite, but MySQL or MariaDB or PostgreSQL, you’ll have to edit that file (`/etc/systemd/system/forgejo.service`) and uncomment the corresponding `Wants=` and `After=` lines. <del>Otherwise it _should_ work as it is.</del>
> **NOTE:** For Forgejo 1.19.x, make sure that `forgejo.service` sets `Type=simple`, _not_ `Type=notify`! _(The forgejo.service currently available in their main branch sets `Type=notify`, which only works with the current 1.20 development code, not release 1.19.3, [see this bugreport](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/issues/777))._
Now enable and start the Forgejo service, so you can go on with the installation:
`# systemctl enable forgejo.service`
`# systemctl start forgejo.service`
## [# ](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#forgejos-web-based-configuration)Forgejos web-based configuration
You should now be able to access Forgejo in your local web browser, so open http://git.example.lan/ (make sure your WireGuard connection is enabled).
If it doesn’t work:
- Make sure the forgejo service started successfully by checking the output of
`# systemctl status forgejo.service`
If that indicates an error but the log lines underneath are too incomplete to tell what caused it,
`# journalctl -n 100 --unit forgejo.service`
will print the last 100 lines logged by Forgejo.
- Try http://git.example.lan:3000/ instead - that’s the port Forgejo listens on, this way nginx is circumvented _(later we’ll configure Forgejo to make it only accessible through nginx)_. If that works, [fix your nginx setup](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#setting-up-nginx-as-a-reverse-http-proxy).
- Try to ping `172.30.0.1` - if that fails, [make sure your WireGuard connection works](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#setting-up-a-wireguard-vpn-server)
- Try to ping `git.example.lan` - if you can’t, fix your [DNS setup](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#setting-up-dnsmasq-as-dns-server-for-a-local-domain) (also [on the client](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#configure-clients-to-use-the-dns-server)!)
You should be greeted by Forgejos “Initial Configuration” screen.
The settings should be mostly self-explanatory, some hints:
- Select the correct database (SQLite3, or if you configured something else in the [Set up database](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#optional-set-up-database) step, select that and set the corresponding options)
- **Server Domain** should be `git.example.lan` (or whatever you’re actually using),
**Forgejo Base URL** should be `http://git.example.lan`
- Ignore the **Email Settings** - Forgejo can be easily configured to use system sendmail (dma), but (at least in version 1.19) only in the app.ini, not in the web interface, so we’ll do that later.
- Check the **Server and Third-Party Service Settings** settings for settings that look relevant for you.
- I think it makes sense to create the administrator account right now (**Administrator Account Settings**), even more so if you disabled self-registration.
- Most settings can be easily changed in `/etc/forgejo/app.ini` later, so don’t worry about them too much.
Once you’re done configuring, click `Install Forgejo` and a few seconds later you should be on the dashboard (if you created an administrator account) or at the login/register screen, where you can create an account to then get to the dashboard.
So far, so good[9](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#fn:9), but we’re not quite done yet - some manual configuration in the app.ini is needed!
## [# ](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#further-configuration-in-forgejos-app-ini)Further configuration in Forgejos app.ini
Stop the forgejo service:
`# systemctl stop forgejo.service`
While at it, make `/etc/forgejo/` and the `app.ini` read-only for the git user (Forgejo doesn’t write to it after the initial configuration):
`# chmod 750 /etc/forgejo && chmod 640 /etc/forgejo/app.ini`
Now (as root) edit `/etc/forgejo/app.ini`
> **NOTE:** You’ll probably find the [Configuration Cheat Sheet](https://forgejo.org/docs/latest/admin/config-cheat-sheet/) and the [Example app.ini](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/src/branch/forgejo/custom/conf/app.example.ini) that contains all options incl. descriptions helpful.
I recommend the following changes (in the order of where I put them in the app.ini):
- Forgejo allows uploading files to git repos through the web interface. By default the **file size for uploads** is limited to 3MB per file, and 5 files at once. To increase it, under the `[repository]` section, add a `[repository.upload]` section with a line like `FILE_MAX_SIZE = 4095` (that would be 4095MB, about 4GB) and `MAX FILES = 20` It’ll look somehow like this:
```
...
[repository]
ROOT = /var/lib/forgejo/data/forgejo-repositories
[repository.upload]
;; max size for files to the repo via web interface, in MB,
;; defaults to 3 (this sets a limit of about 4GB)
FILE_MAX_SIZE = 4095
;; by default 5 files can be uploaded at once, increase to 20
MAX_FILES = 20
[server]
...
```
Similar restrictions restrictions exist for attachments to issues/pull requests, configured in the [`[attachment]` sections](https://forgejo.org/docs/latest/admin/config-cheat-sheet/#issue-and-pull-request-attachments-attachment) `MAX_SIZE` (default 4MB) and `MAX_FILES` (default 5) settings.
- In the `[server]` section add a line `HTTP_ADDR = 127.0.0.1` to ensure that Forgejo **only listens on localhost** and is not reachable from the outside at all, except through nginx.
- By default **LFS data uploads expire** after 20 minutes - this can be too short for big files, slow connections or slow LFS storage (git-lfs seems to automatically restart the upload then - which means that it can take forever and use lots of traffic)..
If you’re going to use LFS with big uploads, increase thus limit, by adding a line `LFS_HTTP_AUTH_EXPIRY = 180m` (for 180 minutes) to the `[server]` section.
- Similarly there are timeouts for all kinds of git operations, that can be too short.
I ran into the problem that a migration of a big repository from our old Gitlab server timed out and left the repository in an inconsistent state ([due to a bug in Forgejo/Gitea](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/issues/715) that [should be fixed in the next version](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/24605) I wasn’t even warned about this in the web interface, there were only some log messages).
Anyway, I **increased all those git timeouts** by adding a `[git.timeout]` section below the `[server]` section:
```
;; Git Operation timeout in seconds
;; increase the timeouts, so importing big repos (and presumably
;; pushing large files?) hopefully won't fail anymore
[git.timeout]
DEFAULT = 3600 ; Git operations default timeout seconds
MIGRATE = 6000 ; Migrate external repositories timeout seconds
MIRROR = 3000 ; Mirror external repositories timeout seconds
CLONE = 3000 ; Git clone from internal repositories timeout seconds
PULL = 3000 ; Git pull from internal repositories timeout seconds
GC = 600 ; Git repository GC timeout seconds
```
I increased all timeouts to factor 10 (by adding a 0 at the end); probably not all these timeouts need to be increased (and if, then maybe not this much)… use your own judgement, this worked for me ;-)
- By default LFS files are stored in the filesystem, in `/var/lib/forgejo/data/lfs`. In the `[lfs]` section you can change the `PATH = ...` line to store elsewhere, but you can also configure Forgejo to store the files in an S3-like Object-Storage. More information on that in the [object storage subchapter below](https://blog.gibson.sh/2023/05/26/vps-with-wireguard-and-forgejo/#local-storage-vs-object-storage-for-lfs).
- Enable sending E-Mails with sendmail/dma by changing the `[mailer]` section like this:
```
[mailer]
;; send mail with systemwide "sendmail" (actually dma in our case)
ENABLED = true
PROTOCOL = sendmail
FROM = "Forgejo Git" <noreply@yourdomain.com>
```
When you’re done editing the app.ini, save it and start the forgejo service again:
`# systemctl start forgejo.service`
You can test sending a mail by clicking the user button on the upper right of the Forgejo page (“Profile and Settings”), then `Site Administration`, then `Configuration` and under `Mailer Configuration` type in your mail address and click `Send Testing Email`.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: 'Forgejo v1.20 documentation'
---
- [What is Forgejo?](https://forgejo.org/)
- [Installation](https://forgejo.org/download/)
- [Installation](admin/installation)
- [FAQ](https://forgejo.org/faq/)
- [Administrator guide](admin)
- [User guide](user)