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129 lines
4.7 KiB
Go
129 lines
4.7 KiB
Go
/*
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Package cron implements a cron spec parser and job runner.
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Usage
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Callers may register Funcs to be invoked on a given schedule. Cron will run
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them in their own goroutines.
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c := cron.New()
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c.AddFunc("0 30 * * * *", func() { fmt.Println("Every hour on the half hour") })
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c.AddFunc("@hourly", func() { fmt.Println("Every hour") })
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c.AddFunc("@every 1h30m", func() { fmt.Println("Every hour thirty") })
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c.Start()
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..
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// Funcs are invoked in their own goroutine, asynchronously.
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...
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// Funcs may also be added to a running Cron
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c.AddFunc("@daily", func() { fmt.Println("Every day") })
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..
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// Inspect the cron job entries' next and previous run times.
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inspect(c.Entries())
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..
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c.Stop() // Stop the scheduler (does not stop any jobs already running).
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CRON Expression Format
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A cron expression represents a set of times, using 6 space-separated fields.
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Field name | Mandatory? | Allowed values | Allowed special characters
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---------- | ---------- | -------------- | --------------------------
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Seconds | Yes | 0-59 | * / , -
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Minutes | Yes | 0-59 | * / , -
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Hours | Yes | 0-23 | * / , -
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Day of month | Yes | 1-31 | * / , - ?
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Month | Yes | 1-12 or JAN-DEC | * / , -
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Day of week | Yes | 0-6 or SUN-SAT | * / , - ?
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Note: Month and Day-of-week field values are case insensitive. "SUN", "Sun",
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and "sun" are equally accepted.
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Special Characters
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Asterisk ( * )
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The asterisk indicates that the cron expression will match for all values of the
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field; e.g., using an asterisk in the 5th field (month) would indicate every
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month.
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Slash ( / )
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Slashes are used to describe increments of ranges. For example 3-59/15 in the
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1st field (minutes) would indicate the 3rd minute of the hour and every 15
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minutes thereafter. The form "*\/..." is equivalent to the form "first-last/...",
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that is, an increment over the largest possible range of the field. The form
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"N/..." is accepted as meaning "N-MAX/...", that is, starting at N, use the
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increment until the end of that specific range. It does not wrap around.
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Comma ( , )
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Commas are used to separate items of a list. For example, using "MON,WED,FRI" in
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the 5th field (day of week) would mean Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
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Hyphen ( - )
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Hyphens are used to define ranges. For example, 9-17 would indicate every
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hour between 9am and 5pm inclusive.
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Question mark ( ? )
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Question mark may be used instead of '*' for leaving either day-of-month or
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day-of-week blank.
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Predefined schedules
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You may use one of several pre-defined schedules in place of a cron expression.
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Entry | Description | Equivalent To
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----- | ----------- | -------------
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@yearly (or @annually) | Run once a year, midnight, Jan. 1st | 0 0 0 1 1 *
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@monthly | Run once a month, midnight, first of month | 0 0 0 1 * *
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@weekly | Run once a week, midnight on Sunday | 0 0 0 * * 0
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@daily (or @midnight) | Run once a day, midnight | 0 0 0 * * *
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@hourly | Run once an hour, beginning of hour | 0 0 * * * *
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Intervals
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You may also schedule a job to execute at fixed intervals, starting at the time it's added
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or cron is run. This is supported by formatting the cron spec like this:
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@every <duration>
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where "duration" is a string accepted by time.ParseDuration
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(http://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration).
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For example, "@every 1h30m10s" would indicate a schedule that activates immediately,
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and then every 1 hour, 30 minutes, 10 seconds.
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Note: The interval does not take the job runtime into account. For example,
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if a job takes 3 minutes to run, and it is scheduled to run every 5 minutes,
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it will have only 2 minutes of idle time between each run.
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Time zones
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All interpretation and scheduling is done in the machine's local time zone (as
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provided by the Go time package (http://www.golang.org/pkg/time).
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Be aware that jobs scheduled during daylight-savings leap-ahead transitions will
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not be run!
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Thread safety
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Since the Cron service runs concurrently with the calling code, some amount of
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care must be taken to ensure proper synchronization.
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All cron methods are designed to be correctly synchronized as long as the caller
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ensures that invocations have a clear happens-before ordering between them.
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Implementation
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Cron entries are stored in an array, sorted by their next activation time. Cron
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sleeps until the next job is due to be run.
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Upon waking:
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- it runs each entry that is active on that second
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- it calculates the next run times for the jobs that were run
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- it re-sorts the array of entries by next activation time.
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- it goes to sleep until the soonest job.
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*/
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package cron
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