/**
 * # ResurrectJS
 * @version 1.0.0
 *
 * ResurrectJS preserves object behavior (prototypes) and reference
 * circularity with a special JSON encoding. Unlike regular JSON,
 * Date, RegExp, DOM objects, and `undefined` are also properly
 * preserved.
 *
 * ## Examples
 *
 * function Foo() {}
 * Foo.prototype.greet = function() { return "hello"; };
 *
 * // Behavior is preserved:
 * var necromancer = new Resurrect();
 * var json = necromancer.stringify(new Foo());
 * var foo = necromancer.resurrect(json);
 * foo.greet();  // => "hello"
 *
 * // References to the same object are preserved:
 * json = necromancer.stringify([foo, foo]);
 * var array = necromancer.resurrect(json);
 * array[0] === array[1];  // => true
 * array[1].greet();  // => "hello"
 *
 * // Dates are restored properly
 * json = necromancer.stringify(new Date());
 * var date = necromancer.resurrect(json);
 * Object.prototype.toString.call(date);  // => "[object Date]"
 *
 * ## Options
 *
 * Options are provided to the constructor as an object with these
 * properties:
 *
 *   prefix ('#'): A prefix string used for temporary properties added
 *     to objects during serialization and deserialization. It is
 *     important that you don't use any properties beginning with this
 *     string. This option must be consistent between both
 *     serialization and deserialization.
 *
 *   cleanup (false): Perform full property cleanup after both
 *     serialization and deserialization using the `delete`
 *     operator. This may cause performance penalties (breaking hidden
 *     classes in V8) on objects that ResurrectJS touches, so enable
 *     with care.
 *
 *   revive (true): Restore behavior (__proto__) to objects that have
 *     been resurrected. If this is set to false during serialization,
 *     resurrection information will not be encoded. You still get
 *     circularity and Date support.
 *
 *   resolver (Resurrect.NamespaceResolver(window)): Converts between
 *     a name and a prototype. Create a custom resolver if your
 *     constructors are not stored in global variables. The resolver
 *     has two methods: getName(object) and getPrototype(string).
 *
 * For example,
 *
 * var necromancer = new Resurrect({
 *     prefix: '__#',
 *     cleanup: true
 * });
 *
 * ## Caveats
 *
 *   * With the default resolver, all constructors must be named and
 *   stored in the global variable under that name. This is required
 *   so that the prototypes can be looked up and reconnected at
 *   resurrection time.
 *
 *   * The wrapper objects Boolean, String, and Number will be
 *   unwrapped. This means extra properties added to these objects
 *   will not be preserved.
 *
 *   * Functions cannot ever be serialized. Resurrect will throw an
 *   error if a function is found when traversing a data structure.
 */

/**
 * @namespace
 * @constructor
 */
function Resurrect(options) {
    this.table = null;
    this.prefix = '#';
    this.cleanup = false;
    this.revive = true;
    for (var option in options) {
        if (options.hasOwnProperty(option)) {
            this[option] = options[option];
        }
    }
    this.refcode = this.prefix + 'id';
    this.origcode = this.prefix + 'original';
    this.buildcode = this.prefix + '.';
    this.valuecode = this.prefix + 'v';
}

/* Helper Objects */

/**
 * @constructor
 */
Resurrect.prototype.Error = function ResurrectError(message) {
    this.message = message || '';
    this.stack = new Error().stack;
};
Resurrect.prototype.Error.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);
Resurrect.prototype.Error.prototype.name = 'ResurrectError';

/**
 * Resolves prototypes through the properties on an object and
 * constructor names.
 * @constructor
 */
Resurrect.NamespaceResolver = function(scope) {
    this.scope = scope;
};

/**
 * Gets the prototype of the given property name from an object. If
 * not found, it throws an error.
 * @param {string} name
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.NamespaceResolver.prototype.getPrototype = function(name) {
    var constructor = this.scope[name];
    if (constructor) {
        return constructor.prototype;
    } else {
        throw new Resurrect.prototype.Error('Unknown constructor: ' + name);
    }
};

/**
 * Get the prototype name for an object, to be fetched later with
 * getPrototype.
 * @returns {string} Null if the constructor is Object.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.NamespaceResolver.prototype.getName = function(object) {
    var constructor = object.constructor.name;
    if (constructor == null) { // IE
        var funcPattern = /^\s*function\s*([A-Za-z0-9_$]*)/;
        constructor = funcPattern.exec(object.constructor)[1];
    }

    if (constructor === '') {
        var msg = "Can't serialize objects with anonymous constructors.";
        throw new Resurrect.prototype.Error(msg);
    } else if (constructor === 'Object' || constructor === 'Array') {
        return null;
    } else {
        return constructor;
    }
};

/* Set the default resolver searches the global object. */
Resurrect.prototype.resolver = new Resurrect.NamespaceResolver(window);

/**
 * Create a DOM node from HTML source; behaves like a constructor.
 * @constructor
 */
Resurrect.Node = function(html) {
    var div = document.createElement('div');
    div.innerHTML = html;
    return div.firstChild;
};

/* Type Tests */

/**
 * @param {string} type
 * @returns {Function} A function that tests for type.
 */
Resurrect.is = function(type) {
    var string = '[object ' + type + ']';
    return function(object) {
        return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === string;
    };
};

Resurrect.isArray = Resurrect.is('Array');
Resurrect.isString = Resurrect.is('String');
Resurrect.isBoolean = Resurrect.is('Boolean');
Resurrect.isNumber = Resurrect.is('Number');
Resurrect.isFunction = Resurrect.is('Function');
Resurrect.isDate = Resurrect.is('Date');
Resurrect.isRegExp = Resurrect.is('RegExp');
Resurrect.isObject = Resurrect.is('Object');

Resurrect.isAtom = function(object) {
    return !Resurrect.isObject(object) && !Resurrect.isArray(object);
};

/* Methods */

/**
 * Create a reference (encoding) to an object.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.ref = function(object) {
    var ref = {};
    if (object === undefined) {
        ref[this.prefix] = -1;
    } else {
        ref[this.prefix] = object[this.refcode];
    }
    return ref;
};

/**
 * Lookup an object in the table by reference object.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.deref = function(ref) {
    return this.table[ref[this.prefix]];
};

/**
 * Put a temporary identifier on an object and store it in the table.
 * @returns {number} The unique identifier number.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.tag = function(object) {
    if (this.revive) {
        var constructor = this.resolver.getName(object);
        if (constructor) {
            var proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(object);
            if (this.resolver.getPrototype(constructor) !== proto) {
                throw new this.Error('Constructor mismatch!');
            } else {
                object[this.prefix] = constructor;
            }
        }
    }
    object[this.refcode] = this.table.length;
    this.table.push(object);
    return object[this.refcode];
};

/**
 * Create a builder object (encoding) for serialization.
 * @param {string} name The name of the constructor.
 * @param value The value to pass to the constructor.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.builder = function(name, value) {
    var builder = {};
    builder[this.buildcode] = name;
    builder[this.valuecode] = value;
    return builder;
};

/**
 * Build a value from a deserialized builder.
 * @method
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/14378462
 */
Resurrect.prototype.build = function(ref) {
    var type = ref[this.buildcode].split(/\./).reduce(function(object, name) {
        return object[name];
    }, window);
    /* Brilliant hack by kybernetikos: */
    var args = [null].concat(ref[this.valuecode]);
    var factory = type.bind.apply(type, args);
    return new factory();
};

/**
 * Dereference or build an object or value from an encoding.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.decode = function(ref) {
    if (this.prefix in ref) {
        return this.deref(ref);
    } else if (this.buildcode in ref) {
        return this.build(ref);
    } else {
        throw new this.Error('Unknown encoding.');
    }
};

/**
 * @returns True if the provided object is already tagged for serialization.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.isTagged = function(object) {
    return (this.refcode in object) && (object[this.refcode] != null);
};

/**
 * Visit root and all its ancestors, visiting atoms with f.
 * @param {Function} f
 * @returns A fresh copy of root to be serialized.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.visit = function(root, f) {
    if (Resurrect.isAtom(root)) {
        return f(root);
    } else if (!this.isTagged(root)) {
        var copy = null;
        if (Resurrect.isArray(root)) {
            copy = [];
            root[this.refcode] = this.tag(copy);
            for (var i = 0; i < root.length; i++) {
                copy.push(this.visit(root[i], f));
            }
        } else { /* Object */
            copy = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(root));
            root[this.refcode] = this.tag(copy);
            for (var key in root) {
                if (root.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                    copy[key] = this.visit(root[key], f);
                }
            }
        }
        copy[this.origcode] = root;
        return this.ref(copy);
    } else {
        return this.ref(root);
    }
};

/**
 * Manage special atom values, possibly returning an encoding.
 */
Resurrect.prototype.handleAtom = function(atom) {
    if (Resurrect.isFunction(atom)) {
        throw new this.Error("Can't serialize functions.");
    } else if (atom instanceof Node) {
        var xmls = new XMLSerializer();
        return this.builder('Resurrect.Node', [xmls.serializeToString(atom)]);
    } else if (Resurrect.isDate(atom)) {
        return this.builder('Date', [atom.toISOString()]);
    } else if (Resurrect.isRegExp(atom)) {
        var args = atom.toString().match(/\/(.+)\/([gimy]*)/).slice(1);
        return this.builder('RegExp', args);
    } else if (atom === undefined) {
        return this.ref(undefined);
    } else {
        return atom;
    }
};

/**
 * Serialize an arbitrary JavaScript object, carefully preserving it.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.stringify = function(object) {
    if (Resurrect.isAtom(object)) {
        return JSON.stringify(this.handleAtom(object));
    } else {
        this.table = [];
        this.visit(object, this.handleAtom.bind(this));
        for (var i = 0; i < this.table.length; i++) {
            if (this.cleanup) {
                delete this.table[i][this.origcode][this.refcode];
            } else {
                this.table[i][this.origcode][this.refcode] = null;
            }
            delete this.table[i][this.refcode];
            delete this.table[i][this.origcode];
        }
        var table = this.table;
        this.table = null;
        return JSON.stringify(table);
    }
};

/**
 * Restore the __proto__ of the given object to the proper value.
 * @returns The object.
 */
Resurrect.prototype.fixPrototype = function(object) {
    if (this.prefix in object) {
        var name = object[this.prefix];
        var prototype = this.resolver.getPrototype(name);
        if ('__proto__' in object) {
            object.__proto__ = prototype;
            if (this.cleanup) {
                delete object[this.prefix];
            }
            return object;
        } else { // IE
            var copy = Object.create(prototype);
            for (var key in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(key) && key !== this.prefix) {
                    copy[key] = object[key];
                }
            }
            return copy;
        }
    } else {
        return object;
    }
};

/**
 * Deserialize an encoded object, restoring circularity and behavior.
 * @param {string} string
 * @returns The decoded object or value.
 * @method
 */
Resurrect.prototype.resurrect = function(string) {
    var result = null;
    var data = JSON.parse(string);
    if (Resurrect.isArray(data)) {
        this.table = data;
        /* Restore __proto__. */
        if (this.revive) {
            for (var i = 0; i < this.table.length; i++) {
                this.table[i] = this.fixPrototype(this.table[i]);
            }
        }
        /* Re-establish object references and construct atoms. */
        for (i = 0; i < this.table.length; i++) {
            var object = this.table[i];
            for (var key in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                    if (!(Resurrect.isAtom(object[key]))) {
                        object[key] = this.decode(object[key]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        result = this.table[0];
    } else if (Resurrect.isObject(data)) {
        this.table = [];
        result = this.decode(data);
    } else {
        result = data;
    }
    this.table = null;
    return result;
};