forgejo-docs/docs/admin/installation-docker.md

title	license
Installation with Docker	CC-BY-SA-4.0

Forgejo provides container images for use with Docker or other containerization tools.

docker pull codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:7.0.0

The 7 tag is set to be the latest minor release, starting with 7.0.0. The 7 tag will then be equal to 7.0.0 when it is released and so on.

Upgrading from X to X+1 (for instance from 7 to 8) requires a manual operation and human verification. However it is possible to use the X tag (for instance 7) to get the latest minor release automatically.

Here is a sample docker-compose file:

version: '3'

networks:
  forgejo:
    external: false

services:
  server:
    image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:7
    container_name: forgejo
    environment:
      - USER_UID=1000
      - USER_GID=1000
    restart: always
    networks:
      - forgejo
    volumes:
      - ./forgejo:/data
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - '3000:3000'
      - '222:22'

Note that the volume should be owned by the user/group with the UID/GID specified in the config file. If you don't give the volume correct permissions, the container may not start.

Configuration

The Forgejo configuration is stored in the app.ini file as described in the Configuration Cheat Sheet. When using the Forgejo container image, this file is automatically created if it does not exist already. In addition it is possible to add settings using configuration variables. For instance:

FORGEJO__repository__ENABLE_PUSH_CREATE_USER=true

is the equivalent of adding the following to app.ini:

[repository]
ENABLE_PUSH_CREATE_USER = true

NOTE: it is not possible to use environment variables to remove an existing value, it must be done by editing the app.ini file.

NOTE: in case you are in a selinux environment check the audit logs if you are having issues with containers.

Rootless

Forgejo also supports a rootless Docker image. With this image, the Docker container can run as an unprivileged user, which means that an attacker will not have root privileges on the server even when they gain access to the container.

This configuration is slightly more involved because we need to prepare our data folders. To do so, we create a data folder with permissions for the user with UID and GID 1000. This is the user which should not have root privileges.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

set -e

mkdir -p work
mkdir -p work/data

chown -R 1000:1000 work/data
chmod 775 work/data
chmod g+s work/data

version: '3'

networks:
  forgejo:
    external: false

services:
  gitea:
    image: 'codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:1.21-rootless'
    container_name: 'forgejo'
    environment:
      USER_UID: '1000'
      USER_GID: '1000'
      FORGEJO_WORK_DIR: '/var/lib/forge'
    user: '1000:1000'
    networks:
      - forgejo
    ports:
      - '3000:3000'
      - '222:22'
    volumes:
      - ./forgejo:/data:rw'
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      # Right side of this mount depends on the `FORGEJO_WORK_DIR` var above.
      - ./work:/var/lib/forge:rw
    logging:
      driver: 'json-file'
      options:
        max-size: '10m'
        max-file: '10'
    restart: 'unless-stopped'

To also mount a locally defined app.ini, add

- ./app.ini:/etc/gitea/app.ini

to volumes. Next, run this with

docker compose up

To, for example, add an admin user from the command line, use:

docker exec -ti forgejo /bin/bash

and

forgejo admin user create --username <USERNAME> --password <PASSWORD> --email <EMAIL> --admin

Databases

In the following each database is shown as part of a docker-compose example file, with a diff like presentation that highlights additions to the example above.

If no database is configured, it will default to using SQLite.

MySQL database

version: "3"

networks:
  forgejo:
    external: false

services:
  server:
    image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:7
    container_name: forgejo
    environment:
      - USER_UID=1000
      - USER_GID=1000
+      - FORGEJO__database__DB_TYPE=mysql
+      - FORGEJO__database__HOST=db:3306
+      - FORGEJO__database__NAME=forgejo
+      - FORGEJO__database__USER=forgejo
+      - FORGEJO__database__PASSWD=forgejo
    restart: always
    networks:
      - forgejo
    volumes:
      - ./forgejo:/data
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "222:22"
+    depends_on:
+      - db
+
+  db:
+    image: mysql:8
+    restart: always
+    environment:
+      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=forgejo
+      - MYSQL_USER=forgejo
+      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=forgejo
+      - MYSQL_DATABASE=forgejo
+    networks:
+      - forgejo
+    volumes:
+      - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql

PostgreSQL database

version: "3"

networks:
  forgejo:
    external: false

services:
  server:
    image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:7
    container_name: forgejo
    environment:
      - USER_UID=1000
      - USER_GID=1000
+      - FORGEJO__database__DB_TYPE=postgres
+      - FORGEJO__database__HOST=db:5432
+      - FORGEJO__database__NAME=forgejo
+      - FORGEJO__database__USER=forgejo
+      - FORGEJO__database__PASSWD=forgejo
    restart: always
    networks:
      - forgejo
    volumes:
      - ./forgejo:/data
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "222:22"
+    depends_on:
+      - db
+
+  db:
+    image: postgres:14
+    restart: always
+    environment:
+      - POSTGRES_USER=forgejo
+      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=forgejo
+      - POSTGRES_DB=forgejo
+    networks:
+      - forgejo
+    volumes:
+      - ./postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data

Hosting repository data on remote storage systems

You might also mount the data and repository folders on a remote drive such as a network-attached storage system. While there are a multitude of possible solutions, we will focus on a somewhat minimal setup with NFS here and explain what measures have to be taken in general so that the administrators can adapt this to their individual setup.

We begin to describe a possible setup and will try to highlight all important aspects which the administrator will have to consider if a different hosting environment is present. An important assumption for the Forgejo image to make is to own the folders it writes into and reads from. This is naturally an issue since file-system permissions are a machine-local concept and don't translate over the network easily.

We assume that a server with the hostname server is accessible which has a folder /respositories shared via NFS. Append an entry to your /etc/exports like

[...]
/repositories	*(rw,sync,all_squash,sec=sys,anonuid=1024,anongid=100)

Four aspects to consider:

• The folder is mounted as rw, meaning clients can both read and write in the folder.
• The folder is mounted as sync. This is NFS-specific but means that transactions block until they are finished. This is not essential but increases the robustness against file corruption
• The all_squash setting maps all file accesses to an anonymous user, meaning that both the files of a user with the UID of 1050 and 1051 are mapped to a single UID on the server.
• We set these anonymous (G/U)ID to explicit values on the server with anonuid=1024,anongid=100. Hence all files will be owned by a user with the UID 1024, belonging to a group 100. Make sure the UID is available and a group with that ID is present.

Effectively we are now able to write and create files and folders on the remote share. With the all_squash setting, we map all users to one user, hence all data writable by one user is writable by all users, implying all files have a drwxrwxrwx setting (abreviated "0777 permissions"). We can also "fake-own" data, since all chown calls are now mapped to the anonymous user. This is an important behaviour. We now mount this folder on the client which will host Forgejo to a folder /mnt/repositories...

# mount -o hard,timeo=10,retry=10,vers=4.1 server:/repositories /mnt/repositories/

... and create two folders

$ mkdir conf
$ mkdir data

To consider in the NFS client setup is the hard setting, blocking all file operations if the share is not available. This prevents state changes in the repository which could potentially corrupt the repository data and is an NFS-specific setting.

We will use the rootless image, which hosts the ssh server for Forgejo embedded. A possible entry for a docker-compose file would look like this (shown as a diff like view to the example shown in our initial example):

version: "3"

networks:
  forgejo:
    external: false

services:
  server:
-    image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:7
+    image: codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo:7-rootless
    container_name: forgejo
    environment:
+      - USER_UID=1024
+      - USER_GID=100
-      - USER_UID=1000
-      - USER_GID=1000

    restart: always
    networks:
      - forgejo
    volumes:
-      - ./forgejo:/data
+      - /mnt/repositories/data:/data
+      - /mnt/repositories/conf:/etc/gitea
      - /etc/timezone:/etc/timezone:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
      - "222:22"

This will write the configuration into our created conf folder and all other data into the data folder. Make sure that USER_UID and USER_GID match the anonuid and anongid setting in the NFS server setting here such that the Forgejo user sees files and folders with the same UID and GID in the respective folders and thus identifies itself as the sole owner of the folder structure.

Using the rootless image here solves another problem resulting from the file-system ownership issue. If we create ssh keys on the client image and save them on the server, they too will have 0777 permissions, which is prohibited by openssh. It is important for all involved tools that these files not be writable by just anybody with a login, so you would get you an error if you try to use them. Changing permissions will also not succeed through the chosen all_squash setup, which was necessary to allow a correct ownership mechanic on the server. To resolve this, we consider the rootless image, which embeds the ssh server, circumventing the problem entirely.

Note this setup is simple and does not necessarily reflect the reality of your network. User mapping and ownership could be streamlined better with Kerberos, but that is out of the scope of this guide.