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forgejo-docs/docs/developer/infrastructure.md
Earl Warren d1662f520e developer: infrastructure: blacklist bots that do not obey robots.txt 
They get /forgejo/forgejo/archive/100448a007707c049a769cb71cd170fcb5b64a25.bundle

despite https://code.forgejo.org/robots.txt having

Disallow: /*/*/archive/
Disallow: /*/*/archive/*.bundle
2024-04-15 10:38:55 +00:00

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---
title: Hardware infrastructure
license: 'CC-BY-SA-4.0'
---
## Octopuce
[Octopuce provides hardware](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/sustainability) managed by [the devops team](https://codeberg.org/forgejo/governance/src/branch/main/TEAMS.md#devops). It can only be accessed via SSH.
To access the services hosted on the LXC containers, ssh port forwarding to the private IPs can be used. For instance:
```sh
echo 127.0.0.1 private.forgejo.org >> /etc/hosts
sudo ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa -L 80:10.77.0.128:80 debian@forgejo01.octopuce.fr
firefox http://private.forgejo.org
```
### Containers
It hosts LXC containers setup with [lxc-helpers](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/lxc-helpers/).
- `fogejo-host`
Dedicated to http://private.forgejo.org
- LXC creation
```sh
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_create --config "docker" forgejo-host
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_start forgejo-host
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_docker forgejo-host
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_user_install forgejo-host $(id -u) $USER
```
- upgrades checklist:
```sh
emacs /home/debian/run-forgejo.sh # change the `image=`
docker stop forgejo
sudo rsync -av --numeric-ids --delete --progress /srv/forgejo/ /root/forgejo-backup/
docker rm forgejo
bash -x /home/debian/run-forgejo.sh
docker logs -n 200 -f forgejo
```
- `fogejo-runner-host`
Has runners installed to run against private.forgejo.org
- LXC creation
```sh
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_create --config "docker" forgejo-runner-host
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_start forgejo-runner-host
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_docker forgejo-runner-host
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_lxc forgejo-runner-host 10.85.12 fc33
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_user_install forgejo-runner-host $(id -u) $USER
```
## Hetzner
All hardware is running Debian GNU/linux bookworm.
### hetzner01
https://hetzner01.forgejo.org runs on an [EX101](https://www.hetzner.com/dedicated-rootserver/ex101) Hetzner hardware.
There is no backup, no redundancy and is dedicated to Forgejo runner instances.
If the hardware reboots, the runners do not restart automatically, they have to be restarted manually.
It hosts LXC containers setup with [lxc-helpers](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/lxc-helpers/):
- `forgejo-runners`
Dedicated to Forgejo runners for the https://codeberg.org/forgejo organization.
```sh
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_run forgejo-runners -- sudo --user debian bash
cd codeberg.org/forgejo/
forgejo-runner-3.2.0 --config config.yml daemon >& runner.log &
```
- `runner01-lxc`
Dedicated to Forgejo runners for the https://code.forgejo.org
organization with two labels: **docker** and **self-hosted**.
- https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo
- https://code.forgejo.org/actions
- https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-integration
- https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo-contrib
```sh
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_run runner01-lxc -- sudo --user debian bash
cd code.forgejo.org
for runner in forgejo-contrib forgejo forgejo-integration actions ; do ( cd $runner ; HOME=/srv/$runner forgejo-runner-3.2.0 --config config.yml daemon >&runner.log & ) ; done
```
The runners are installed with something like:
```sh
sudo wget -O /usr/local/bin/forgejo-runner-3.2.0 https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/runner/releases/download/v3.2.0/forgejo-runner-3.2.0-linux-amd64
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/forgejo-runner-3.2.0
```
### hetzner{02,03}
https://hetzner02.forgejo.org & https://hetzner03.forgejo.org run on [EX44](https://www.hetzner.com/dedicated-rootserver/ex44) Hetzner hardware.
A vSwitch is assigned via the Robot console on both servers
and [configured](https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/dedicated-server/network/vswitch#example-debian-configuration)
in /etc/network/interfaces for each of them with something like:
```
auto enp5s0.4000
iface enp5s0.4000 inet static
address 10.53.100.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
vlan-raw-device enp5s0
mtu 1400
```
#### Root filesystem backups
- `hetzner03:/etc/cron.daily/backup-hetzner02`
`rsync -aHS --delete-excluded --delete --numeric-ids --exclude /proc --exclude /dev --exclude /sys --exclude /srv --exclude /var/lib/lxc 10.53.100.2:/ /srv/backups/hetzner02/`
- `hetzner02:/etc/cron.daily/backup-hetzner03`
`rsync -aHS --delete-excluded --delete --numeric-ids --exclude /proc --exclude /dev --exclude /sys --exclude /srv --exclude /var/lib/lxc 10.53.100.3:/ /srv/backups/hetzner03/`
#### DRBD
DRBD is configured with hetzner02 as the primary and hetzner03 as the secondary:
```
resource r0 {
net {
# A : write completion is determined when data is written to the local disk and the local TCP transmission buffer
# B : write completion is determined when data is written to the local disk and remote buffer cache
# C : write completion is determined when data is written to both the local disk and the remote disk
protocol C;
cram-hmac-alg sha1;
# any secret key for authentication among nodes
shared-secret "***";
}
disk {
resync-rate 1000M;
}
on hetzner02 {
address 10.53.100.2:7788;
volume 0 {
# device name
device /dev/drbd0;
# specify disk to be used for devide above
disk /dev/nvme0n1p5;
# where to create metadata
# specify the block device name when using a different disk
meta-disk internal;
}
}
on hetzner03 {
address 10.53.100.3:7788;
volume 0 {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/nvme1n1p5;
meta-disk internal;
}
}
}
```
The DRBD device is mounted on `/var/lib/lxc`.
In `/etc/fstab` there is a noauto line:
```
/dev/drbd0 /var/lib/lxc ext4 noauto,defaults 0 0
```
To prevent split brain situations a manual step is required at boot
time, on the machine that is going to be the primary, which is
hetzner02 in a normal situation.
```sh
sudo drbdsetup status
sudo drbdadm primary r0
sudo mount /var/lib/lxc
sudo lxc-autostart start
sudo lxc-ls -f
sudo drbdsetup status
```
#### Fast storage on /srv
The second disk on each node is mounted on /srv and can be used when
fast storage is needed and there is no need for backups, such as Forgejo runners.
#### LXC
LXC is setup with [lxc-helpers](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/lxc-helpers/).
The `/etc/default/lxc-net` file is the same on both machines:
```
USE_LXC_BRIDGE="true"
LXC_ADDR="10.6.83.1"
LXC_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
LXC_NETWORK="10.6.83.0/24"
LXC_DHCP_RANGE="10.6.83.2,10.6.83.254"
LXC_DHCP_MAX="253"
LXC_IPV6_ADDR="fc16::216:3eff:fe00:1"
LXC_IPV6_MASK="64"
LXC_IPV6_NETWORK="fc16::/64"
LXC_IPV6_NAT="true"
```
#### Public IP addresses
The public IP addresses attached to the hosts are not failover IPs that can be moved from one host to the next.
The DNS entry needs to be updated if the primary hosts changes.
When additional IP addresses are attached to the server, they are added to `/etc/network/interfaces` like
65.21.67.71 and 2a01:4f9:3081:51ec::102 below.
```
auto enp5s0
iface enp5s0 inet static
address 65.21.67.73
netmask 255.255.255.192
gateway 65.21.67.65
# route 65.21.67.64/26 via 65.21.67.65
up route add -net 65.21.67.64 netmask 255.255.255.192 gw 65.21.67.65 dev enp5s0
# BEGIN code.forgejo.org
up ip addr add 65.21.67.71/32 dev enp5s0
up nft -f /home/debian/code.nftables
down ip addr del 65.21.67.71/32 dev enp5s0
# END code.forgejo.org
iface enp5s0 inet6 static
address 2a01:4f9:3081:51ec::2
netmask 64
gateway fe80::1
# BEGIN code.forgejo.org
up ip -6 addr add 2a01:4f9:3081:51ec::102/64 dev enp5s0
down ip -6 addr del 2a01:4f9:3081:51ec::102/64 dev enp5s0
# END code.forgejo.org
```
#### Port forwarding
Forwarding a port to an LXC container can be done with `/home/debian/code.nftables` for
the public IP of code.forgejo.org (65.21.67.71) to the private IP of the `code` LXC container:
```
add table ip code;
flush table ip code;
add chain ip code prerouting {
type nat hook prerouting priority 0;
policy accept;
ip daddr 65.21.67.71 tcp dport { ssh } dnat to 10.6.83.195;
};
```
with `nft -f /root/code.nftables`.
#### Reverse proxy
The reverse proxy forwards to the designated LXC container with
something like the following in
`/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/code.forgejo.org`, where 10.6.83.195 is the
IP allocated to the LXC container running the web service:
```
server {
server_name code.forgejo.org;
location / {
deny 47.76.209.138; # crawler that does not obey robots.txt
deny 47.76.99.127; # crawler that does not obey robots.txt
proxy_pass http://10.6.83.195:8080;
client_max_body_size 2G;
#
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/websocket.html
#
proxy_set_header Connection $http_connection;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
include proxy_params;
}
}
```
The LE certificate is obtained once and automatically renewed with:
```
sudo certbot -n --agree-tos --email contact@forgejo.org -d code.forgejo.org --nginx
```
#### Containers
It hosts LXC containers setup with [lxc-helpers](https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/lxc-helpers/).
- `fogejo-code` on hetzner02
Dedicated to https://code.forgejo.org
- LXC creation
```sh
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_create --config "docker" forgejo-code
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_start forgejo-code
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_docker forgejo-code
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_user_install forgejo-code $(id -u) $USER
```
- upgrades checklist:
- `ssh -t debian@hetzner02.forgejo.org lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_run forgejo-code -- sudo --user debian bash`
```sh
emacs /home/debian/run-forgejo.sh # change the `image=`
docker stop forgejo
```
- `ssh -t debian@hetzner02.forgejo.org sudo /etc/cron.daily/backup-forgejo-code`
- `ssh -t debian@hetzner02.forgejo.org lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_run forgejo-code -- sudo --user debian bash`
```sh
docker rm forgejo
bash -x /home/debian/run-forgejo.sh
docker logs -n 200 -f forgejo
```
- `forgejo-next` on hetzner02
Dedicated to https://next.forgejo.org
- LXC creation same as code.forgejo.org
- `/etc/cron.hourly/forgejo-upgrade` runs `/home/debian/run-forgejo.sh > /home/debian/run-forgejo-$(date +%d).log`
- When a new major version is published (8.0 for instance) `run-forgejo.sh` must be updated with it
- Reset everything
```sh
docker stop forgejo
docker rm forgejo
sudo rm -fr /srv/forgejo.old
sudo mv /srv/forgejo /srv/forgejo.old
bash -x /home/debian/run-forgejo.sh
```
and create a user with the CLI using the example from `/home/debian/run-forgejo.sh`
- `/home/debian/next.nftables`
```
add table ip next;
flush table ip next;
add chain ip next prerouting {
type nat hook prerouting priority 0;
policy accept;
ip daddr 65.21.67.65 tcp dport { 2020 } dnat to 10.6.83.213;
};
```
- `/etc/nginx/sites-available/next.forgejo.org` same as `/etc/nginx/sites-available/code.forgejo.org`
Rotating 30 days backups happen daily `/etc/cron.daily/forgejo-code-backup.sh`
- `runner-forgejo-helm` on hetzner03
Dedicated to https://codeberg.org/forgejo-contrib/forgejo-helm and running from an ephemeral disk
## Uberspace
The website https://forgejo.org is hosted at
https://uberspace.de/. The https://codeberg.org/forgejo/website/ CI
has credentials to push HTML pages there.
## Installing Forgejo runners
### Preparing the LXC hypervisor
```shell
git clone https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/lxc-helpers/
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_prepare_environment
sudo lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_lxc_inside 10.120.13
```
### Creating an LXC container
```shell
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_create forgejo-runners
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_start forgejo-runners
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_docker forgejo-runner
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_install_lxc forgejo-runner 10.85.12 fc33
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_user_install forgejo-runners $(id -u) $USER
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_container_run forgejo-runners -- sudo --user debian bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y wget emacs-nox
lxc-helpers.sh lxc_prepare_environment
sudo wget -O /usr/local/bin/forgejo-runner https://code.forgejo.org/forgejo/runner/releases/download/v3.3.0/forgejo-runner-3.3.0-linux-amd64
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/forgejo-runner
echo 'export TERM=vt100' >> .bashrc
```
### Creating a runner
Multiple runners can co-exist on the same machine. To keep things
organized they are located in a directtory that is the same as the url
from which the token is obtained. For instance
DIR=codeberg.org/forgejo-integration means that the token was obtained from the
https://codeberg.org/forgejo-integration organization.
If a runner only provides unprivileged docker containers, the labels
in `config.yml` should be:
`labels: ['docker:docker://node:20-bookworm']`.
If a runner provides LXC containers and unprivileged docker
containers, the labels in `config.yml` should be
`labels: ['self-hosted:lxc://debian:bookworm', 'docker:docker://node:20-bookworm']`.
```shell
mkdir -p $DIR ; cd $DIR
forgejo-runner generate-config > config.yml
## edit config.yml and adjust the `labels:`
## Obtain a $TOKEN from https://$DIR
forgejo-runner register --no-interactive --token $TOKEN --name runner --instance https://codeberg.org
forgejo-runner --config config.yml daemon |& cat -v > runner.log &
```
#### codeberg.org config.yml
- `fetch_timeout: 30s` # because it can be slow at times
- `fetch_interval: 60s` # because there is throttling and 429 replies will mess up the runner
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